Departamento de Psicobiologia y Metodologia de las CC, Facultad de Psicologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Malaga, Spain.
Institute of Neuroscience of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Spain.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018 Mar 5;16(3):284-296. doi: 10.2174/1570159X15666170915141610.
Resilience is the ability to achieve a positive outcome when we are in the face of adversity. It supposes an active resistance to adversity by coping mechanisms in which genetic, molecular, neural and environmental factors are involved. Resilience has been usually studied in early ages and few is known about it during aging.
In this review, we will address the age-related changes in the brain mechanisms involved in regulating the stress response. Furthermore, using the EE paradigm, we analyse the resilient potential of this intervention and its neurobiological basis. In this case, we will focus on identifying the characteristics of a resilient brain (modifications in HPA structure and function, neurogenesis, specific neuron types, glia, neurotrophic factors, nitric oxide synthase or microRNAs, among others).
The evidence suggests that a healthy lifestyle has a crucial role to promote a resilient brain during aging. Along with the behavioral changes described, a better regulation of HPA axis, enhanced levels of postmitotic type-3 cells or changes in GABAergic neurotransmission are some of the brain mechanisms involved in resilience.
Future research should identify different biomarkers that increase the resistance to develop mood disorders and based on this knowledge, develop new potential therapeutic targets.
韧性是指我们在面对逆境时能够取得积极结果的能力。它假设通过涉及遗传、分子、神经和环境因素的应对机制来积极抵抗逆境。韧性通常在早期研究中进行研究，而在衰老过程中对其了解甚少。
在这篇综述中，我们将讨论与调节应激反应相关的大脑机制的年龄相关变化。此外，我们使用 EE 范式分析了这种干预措施的弹性潜力及其神经生物学基础。在这种情况下，我们将重点确定具有弹性的大脑的特征（HPA 结构和功能的改变、神经发生、特定神经元类型、神经胶质、神经营养因子、一氧化氮合酶或 microRNAs 等）。
有证据表明，健康的生活方式对于促进衰老过程中具有弹性的大脑起着至关重要的作用。除了描述的行为改变外，HPA 轴的更好调节、后分裂型 3 细胞水平的提高或 GABA 能神经传递的改变是韧性相关的一些大脑机制。
未来的研究应确定增加抵抗情绪障碍发展的不同生物标志物，并在此基础上开发新的潜在治疗靶点。
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