CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Inserm, Universite Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France.
Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2018 Mar 5;16(3):234-270. doi: 10.2174/1570159X15666170818095105.
Stress is a common reaction to an environmental adversity, but a dysregulation of the stress response can lead to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders. Yet, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop psychiatric disorders; those with enhanced stress resilience mechanisms have the ability to adapt successfully to stress without developing persistent psychopathology. Notably, the potential to enhance stress resilience in at-risk populations may prevent the onset of stress-induced psychiatric disorders. This novel idea has prompted a number of studies probing the mechanisms of stress resilience and how it can be manipulated.
Here, we review the neurobiological factors underlying stress resilience, with particular focus on the serotoninergic (5-HT), glutamatergic, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) in rodents and in humans. Finally, we discuss stress resiliency in the context of aging, as the likelihood of mood disorders increases in older adults.
Interestingly, increased resiliency has been shown to slow aging and improved overall health and quality of life. Research in the neurobiology of stress resilience, particularly throughout the aging process, is a nascent, yet, burgeoning field.
Overall, we consider the possible methods that may be used to induce resilient phenotypes, prophylactically in at-risk populations, such as in military personnel or in older MDD patients. Research in the mechanisms of stress resilience may not only elucidate novel targets for antidepressant treatments, but also provide novel insight about how to prevent these debilitating disorders from developing.
压力是对环境逆境的常见反应，但压力反应的失调可能导致精神疾病，如重度抑郁症（MDD）、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和焦虑症。然而，并非所有接触过压力的人都会患上精神疾病；那些具有增强的压力适应机制的人能够成功适应压力而不会发展出持续的精神病理学。值得注意的是，增强高危人群的压力适应能力可能会预防应激引起的精神疾病的发生。这个新想法促使许多研究探讨了压力适应能力的机制以及如何操纵它。
在这里，我们回顾了压力适应能力的神经生物学因素，特别关注 5-羟色胺能、谷氨酸能和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）系统以及啮齿动物和人类中的下丘脑-垂体轴（HPA）。最后，我们讨论了衰老背景下的压力适应能力，因为老年人患情绪障碍的可能性增加。
有趣的是，增加适应能力已被证明可以减缓衰老并改善整体健康和生活质量。压力适应能力的神经生物学研究，特别是在整个衰老过程中，是一个新兴但蓬勃发展的领域。
总的来说，我们考虑了可能用于诱导适应表型的方法，例如在高危人群中，如在军人或老年 MDD 患者中进行预防性治疗。压力适应能力机制的研究不仅可能阐明抗抑郁治疗的新靶点，还可能提供关于如何预防这些使人衰弱的疾病发展的新见解。
