Department of Psychiatry.
Neuropsychology. 2019 Sep;33(6):822-841. doi: 10.1037/neu0000575.
Cognitive training is an effective means of improving performance in a range of populations. Whether it may serve to facilitate cognitive recovery and longer-term outcomes in persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is unclear. Here, we review historical and current literature and offer perspectives for model development and potential implementation.
We considered a large literature regarding the nature of alcohol-related compromise, early efforts to clarify the nature of recovery and current models and methods underlying cognitive training paradigms. We then constructed a narrative review demonstrating evolving frameworks and empirical data informing the critical review of cognitive training methods as a means of mitigating compromise and facilitating functional outcomes.
Cognitive improvement with abstinence is generally noted, but training protocols may enhance performance and generalize benefit to untrained, but highly similar, tasks. Transfer of training to dissimilar tasks and functional outcomes is uncommonly reported. It is noteworthy that some work suggests that clinician ratings for participants are improved. Inconsistency in sample characteristics, training protocols, and outcome measures constrain general conclusions while suggesting opportunities for study and development.
Cognitive training protocols have shown benefit in a variety of populations but have been examined infrequently in persons with AUDs. This overview indicates significant opportunity for cognitive improvement and recovery and thus a strong potential role for training protocols. However, supportive data are not robustly obtained. We suggest that one step in bridging this gap is the implementation of a conceptual framework incorporating contextual, behavioral, and neurobiological variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
认知训练是提高一系列人群表现的有效手段。对于患有酒精使用障碍（AUD）的人，它是否可以促进认知恢复和长期结果尚不清楚。在这里，我们回顾了历史和当前的文献，并为模型开发和潜在实施提供了观点。
我们考虑了大量关于酒精相关损伤性质的文献，早期努力阐明恢复的性质以及当前认知训练范式的模型和方法。然后，我们构建了一个叙述性评论，展示了不断发展的框架和经验数据，为批判性审查认知训练方法提供了信息，这些方法是减轻损伤和促进功能结果的手段。
通常会注意到戒酒后认知能力的提高，但是培训方案可能会提高表现，并将收益推广到未经训练但高度相似的任务上。培训向不同任务和功能结果的转移很少有报道。值得注意的是，一些工作表明参与者的临床医生评分得到了改善。样本特征，培训方案和结果测量的不一致限制了总体结论，但同时也为研究和发展提供了机会。
认知训练方案在各种人群中均显示出益处，但在 AUD 人群中很少被检查。该综述表明认知改善和恢复的机会很大，因此培训方案具有很强的潜力。但是，支持性数据并未得到充分获得。我们建议，弥合这一差距的步骤之一是实施一个包含上下文，行为和神经生物学变量的概念框架。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
