Zamani Mohammad, Vahedi Amin, Maghdouri Zahra, Shokri-Shirvani Javad
Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Caspian J Intern Med. 2017 Summer;8(3):146-152. doi: 10.22088/cjim.8.3.146.
() is a gram-negative bacterium that has infected more than half of the world's population. This pathogen colonizes the human gastric mucosa and is usually acquired during childhood. It is an important cause of peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. Among the risk factors for acquisition of infection, poor socioeconomic status, poor sanitization and hygiene practices, and contaminated food and water, are the most significant ones. The main route of transmission is still unknown. Studies show that bacteria can spread directly from one person to the other, or indirectly from an infected person to the environment. Person to person transmission is divided into fecal-oral, gastric-oral, oral-oral, sexual routes. Presently, interpersonal pathways are more acceptable than environmental exposure routes. Literatures indicate the presence and survival of in food samples, such as milk, vegetables and meat, and suggest these foods may play an important role in the environmental transmission of this pathogen. In addition, other studies report the presence of in the gastric tissue of some animals (e.g. sheep and cow) and therefore, it is likely they participate in the food chain transmission as reservoirs besides human. Although there are findings which indicate the probable role of food products in the environmental transmission of , there is still not enough direct evidence to confirm this and more studies are needed. However, attention to food contamination sources (unhygienic water) and controlling them may prevent transmission of pathogens associated with health.
（）是一种革兰氏阴性细菌，全球超过一半的人口都曾感染过。这种病原体定殖于人类胃黏膜，通常在儿童时期感染。它是消化性溃疡、慢性胃炎和胃癌的重要病因。在感染的危险因素中，社会经济地位低下、卫生条件差和卫生习惯不良以及食物和水受污染是最主要的因素。其主要传播途径仍不清楚。研究表明，（）细菌可直接在人与人之间传播，或从感染者间接传播到环境中。人传人分为粪口、胃口、口口、性传播途径。目前，人际传播途径比环境暴露途径更易被接受。文献表明，（）存在于食物样本（如牛奶、蔬菜和肉类）中并能存活，提示这些食物可能在该病原体的环境传播中起重要作用。此外，其他研究报告在一些动物（如绵羊和牛）的胃组织中发现了（），因此，它们除人类外可能作为储存宿主参与食物链传播。尽管有研究结果表明食品在（）的环境传播中可能起作用，但仍缺乏足够的直接证据来证实这一点，还需要更多研究。然而，关注食物污染源（不卫生的水）并加以控制可能会预防与健康相关的病原体传播。
