Mladenova Irena, Durazzo Marilena
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria -
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.
Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2018 Sep;64(3):251-254. doi: 10.23736/S1121-421X.18.02480-7. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
The exact modes and routes of transmission of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remain unproven. Studies showed that H. pylori bacteria can spread directly from one person to the other, or indirectly from an infected person to the environment. Presently, interpersonal pathways are more probable than environmental exposure routes. Person to person transmission can be mainly fecal-oral or oral-oral. In the last 30 years many authors have investigated the main potential sources of H. pylori infections, vectors and risk factors for both fecal-oral and oral-oral routes of transmission, eating of contaminated food, drinking of contaminated water, and exposure to animals. They have tried to isolate H. pylori from feces, saliva, dental plaque. These aspects are the basis for the effective prevention of both H. pylori acquisition and gastroduodenal pathology associated with it. These issues will be discussed in this narrative review.
幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）感染的确切传播方式和途径尚未得到证实。研究表明，幽门螺杆菌可直接从一人传播至另一人，或从感染者间接传播至环境中。目前，人际传播途径比环境暴露途径更有可能。人传人主要通过粪口途径或口口途径。在过去30年里，许多作者研究了幽门螺杆菌感染的主要潜在来源、粪口传播和口口传播途径的载体及危险因素，如食用受污染食物、饮用受污染水以及接触动物等。他们试图从粪便、唾液、牙菌斑中分离出幽门螺杆菌。这些方面是有效预防幽门螺杆菌感染及其相关胃十二指肠病变的基础。本叙述性综述将对这些问题进行讨论。
