Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:8042603. doi: 10.1155/2017/8042603. Epub 2017 Aug 28.
This study highlights the level of microbial contamination of waterpipe components in selected area of Saudi Arabia and the resistance of selected bacteria to different antibiotics was determined. A series of biochemical tests, microscopic examination, and screening on Vitek 2 compact (bioMérieux Inc., USA) system were done to characterize the bacterial isolates. Out of 132 samples investigated, 7 mouthpiece samples and 48 water bowl samples showed positivity on culture. The percentage of contamination rate was higher in water bowl (69.69%) than in mouthpieces (10.6%) for all selected areas. A total of 55 bacterial isolates were identified which included Gram-negative (28) and Gram-positive (27) bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility data showed more resistance to bacteria isolated from water bowl than bacteria isolated from mouthpiece. In addition, one isolate which was confirmed as methicillin-resistant and was resistant to antibiotics which are commonly used to treat pneumonia. Water bowl of waterpipe instrument is significantly contaminated with different bacterial pathogens including multidrug-resistant and pneumonia causing bacteria, which are a real health concern among waterpipe smokers. The presented data could assist public health professionals to raise the concerns regarding cleaning practices of waterpipe components and highlights the risk posed among the waterpipe smokers.
本研究重点探讨了沙特阿拉伯选定地区水烟管组件的微生物污染程度，并确定了选定细菌对不同抗生素的耐药性。通过一系列生化试验、显微镜检查和 Vitek 2 紧凑型（法国生物梅里埃公司）系统筛查，对细菌分离株进行了特征描述。在调查的 132 个样本中，7 个吸嘴样本和 48 个水碗样本在培养物上呈阳性。在所有选定区域，水碗的污染率（69.69%）高于吸嘴（10.6%）。共鉴定出 55 株细菌分离株，包括革兰氏阴性（28 株）和革兰氏阳性（27 株）细菌。药敏数据显示，从水碗中分离出的细菌比从吸嘴中分离出的细菌对更多抗生素具有耐药性。此外，有一株被确认为耐甲氧西林的细菌对治疗肺炎常用的抗生素具有耐药性。水烟管的水碗严重污染了多种细菌病原体，包括多药耐药菌和引起肺炎的细菌，这是水烟管使用者真正关注的健康问题。所提供的数据可以帮助公共卫生专业人员提高对水烟管组件清洁实践的关注，并强调水烟管使用者所面临的风险。
