Calabrese Edward J, Mattson Mark P
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.
NPJ Aging Mech Dis. 2017 Sep 15;3:13. doi: 10.1038/s41514-017-0013-z. eCollection 2017.
Hormesis refers to adaptive responses of biological systems to moderate environmental or self-imposed challenges through which the system improves its functionality and/or tolerance to more severe challenges. The past two decades have witnessed an expanding recognition of the concept of hormesis, elucidation of its evolutionary foundations, and underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and practical applications to improve quality of life. To better inform future basic and applied research, we organized and re-evaluated recent hormesis-related findings with the intent of incorporating new knowledge of biological mechanisms, and providing fundamental insights into the biological, biomedical and risk assessment implications of hormesis. As the literature on hormesis is expanding rapidly into new areas of basic and applied research, it is important to provide refined conceptualization of hormesis to aid in designing and interpreting future studies. Here, we establish a working compartmentalization of hormesis into ten categories that provide an integrated understanding of the biological meaning and applications of hormesis.
兴奋效应是指生物系统对适度环境或自身施加的挑战产生的适应性反应，通过这种反应，系统提高其功能和/或对更严峻挑战的耐受性。在过去二十年中，兴奋效应这一概念得到了越来越广泛的认可，其进化基础、潜在的细胞和分子机制得以阐明，并在改善生活质量方面有了实际应用。为了更好地指导未来的基础研究和应用研究，我们组织并重新评估了近期与兴奋效应相关的研究结果，旨在纳入生物机制的新知识，并对兴奋效应在生物学、生物医学和风险评估方面的意义提供基本见解。随着关于兴奋效应的文献迅速扩展到基础研究和应用研究的新领域，提供对兴奋效应的精确概念化以帮助设计和解释未来的研究非常重要。在此，我们将兴奋效应进行了一种有效的分类，分为十类，以便对兴奋效应的生物学意义和应用有一个综合的理解。
