Cardamone-Breen Mairead C, Jorm Anthony F, Lawrence Katherine A, Mackinnon Andrew J, Yap Marie B H
School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
PeerJ. 2017 Sep 18;5:e3825. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3825. eCollection 2017.
Despite substantial evidence demonstrating numerous parental risk and protective factors for the development of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders, there is currently no single measure that assesses these parenting factors. To address this gap, we developed the as a criterion-referenced measure of parental concordance with a set of evidence-based parenting guidelines for the prevention of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders. In this paper, we used a sample of Australian parents of adolescents to: (1) validate the PRADAS as a criterion-referenced measure; (2) examine parental concordance with the guidelines in the sample; and (3) examine correlates of parental concordance with the guidelines.
Seven hundred eleven parents completed the PRADAS, as well as two established parenting measures, and parent-report measures of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms. Six hundred sixty adolescent participants (aged 12-15) also completed the symptom measures. Concordance with the guidelines was assessed via nine subscale scores and a total score. Reliability of the scores was assessed with an estimate of the agreement coefficient, as well as 1-month test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was examined via correlations between the scale and two established parenting measures.
One proposed subscale was removed from the final version of the scale, resulting in a total of eight subscales. Reliability was high for the total score, and acceptable to high for seven of the eight subscales. One-month test-retest reliability was acceptable to high for the total score. Convergent validity was supported by moderate to high correlations with two established measures of parenting. Overall, rates of parental concordance with the guidelines were low in our sample. Higher scores were associated with being female and higher levels of parental education. Greater parental concordance with the guidelines was associated with fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescent participants.
This initial validation study provides preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the PRADAS. The scale has potential for use in both clinical and research settings. It may be used to identify parents' strengths and potential targets for intervention, and as an outcome measure in studies of preventive parenting interventions.
尽管有大量证据表明众多父母因素对青少年抑郁和焦虑症的发展具有风险和保护作用，但目前尚无单一指标来评估这些养育因素。为填补这一空白，我们开发了父母预防青少年抑郁和焦虑症依从性量表（PRADAS），作为一种参照标准的指标，用于衡量父母与一套循证养育指南的符合程度。在本文中，我们以澳大利亚青少年的父母为样本，旨在：（1）验证PRADAS作为参照标准指标的有效性；（2）考察样本中父母与指南的符合程度；（3）探究与父母指南符合程度相关的因素。
711名父母完成了PRADAS以及另外两项既定的养育指标，还有青少年抑郁和焦虑症状的父母报告指标。660名青少年参与者（年龄在12 - 15岁）也完成了症状指标。通过九个分量表得分和一个总分来评估与指南的符合程度。得分的信度通过一致性系数估计以及1个月的重测信度来评估。通过该量表与另外两项既定养育指标之间的相关性来检验聚合效度。
最终版本的量表删除了一个提议的分量表，最终共有八个分量表。总分的信度较高，八个分量表中的七个信度可接受至较高。总分的1个月重测信度可接受至较高。与两项既定养育指标的中度至高度相关性支持了聚合效度。总体而言，我们样本中父母与指南的符合率较低。得分较高与女性以及较高的父母教育水平相关。父母与指南的符合程度越高，青少年参与者的抑郁和焦虑症状越少。
这项初步验证研究为PRADAS的信度和效度提供了初步支持。该量表在临床和研究环境中均有应用潜力。它可用于识别父母的优势和潜在干预目标，并作为预防性养育干预研究的结果指标。
