Whipple Mary O, Schorr Erica N, Talley Kristine M C, Lindquist Ruth, Bronas Ulf G, Treat-Jacobson Diane
J Aging Phys Act. 2018 Oct 1;26(4):655-670. doi: 10.1123/japa.2017-0054. Epub 2018 Jun 20.
Although a plethora of evidence supports the benefits of exercise among older adults, a majority of studies have emphasized group differences, while giving little, if any, attention to individual differences. Given the lack of data on variability in response, the present review examined how nonresponse to aerobic exercise has been defined in older adult populations and characteristics associated with nonresponse among older adults. The results of this review suggest that interindividual variability in response of maximal oxygen consumption to aerobic exercise interventions is prevalent among older adults (1.4-63.4%); age, sex, race, and body mass index may not be critical determinants of nonresponse; whereas health status, baseline fitness, and exercise dose appear important. Future intervention studies should evaluate and report the variability in individual response of older adults to exercise; investigators should develop programs that allow for modification of components to assist older adults in achieving optimal benefit from exercise programs.
尽管大量证据支持运动对老年人有益，但大多数研究都强调群体差异，而很少关注个体差异，即便有关注也微乎其微。鉴于缺乏关于反应变异性的数据，本综述探讨了在老年人群体中如何定义对有氧运动无反应，以及与老年人无反应相关的特征。该综述结果表明，老年人中最大摄氧量对有氧运动干预的个体间反应变异性普遍存在（1.4%-63.4%）；年龄、性别、种族和体重指数可能不是无反应的关键决定因素；而健康状况、基线体能和运动剂量似乎很重要。未来的干预研究应评估并报告老年人运动个体反应的变异性；研究人员应制定能够调整组成部分的方案，以帮助老年人从运动计划中获得最佳益处。
