Wojsiat Joanna, Laskowska-Kaszub Katarzyna, Mietelska-Porowska Anna, Wojda Urszula
Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur 3 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Biomark Med. 2017 Oct;11(10):917-931. doi: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0041. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics is based on cognitive testing, and detecting amyloid Aβ and τ pathology by brain imaging and assays of cerebrospinal fluid. However, biomarkers identifying complex pathways contributing to pathology are lacking, especially for early AD. Preferably, such biomarkers should be more cost-effective and present in easily available diagnostic tissues, such as blood. Here, we summarize the recent findings of potential early AD molecular diagnostic biomarkers in blood platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes. We review molecular alterations which refer to such main hypotheses of AD pathogenesis as amyloid cascade, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, inflammation and alterations in cell cycle regulatory molecules. The major advantage of such biomarkers is the potential ability to indicate individualized therapies in AD patients.
当前阿尔茨海默病（AD）的诊断基于认知测试，以及通过脑成像和脑脊液检测来检测淀粉样蛋白Aβ和τ病理特征。然而，目前缺乏能够识别导致病理变化的复杂通路的生物标志物，尤其是对于早期AD。理想情况下，此类生物标志物应更具成本效益，并且存在于易于获取的诊断组织中，如血液。在此，我们总结了血小板、淋巴细胞和红细胞中潜在的早期AD分子诊断生物标志物的最新研究结果。我们回顾了与AD发病机制的主要假说相关的分子改变，如淀粉样蛋白级联反应、氧化和线粒体应激、炎症以及细胞周期调节分子的改变。此类生物标志物的主要优势在于有可能为AD患者指明个体化治疗方案。
