Dolan Paul, Kudrna Laura, Stone Arthur
Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE UK.
Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California Dornsife, 3620 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061 USA.
Soc Indic Res. 2017;134(1):57-73. doi: 10.1007/s11205-016-1429-8. Epub 2016 Aug 20.
Measures of subjective wellbeing (SWB) are used to understand how people think and feel about their lives and experiences. But the measure used matters to conclusions about how well people's lives are going. This research compares life evaluations and experienced SWB using nationally representative time use diaries, advancing previous research because diaries are less subject to recall biases than other, more popular methods. Analyses of over 20,000 US residents in 2012-2013 show life evaluations are more closely associated with positive and negative affect than experienced meaningfulness. Women have higher SWB than men except for negative affect, older age groups have higher SWB than middle age groups except for experienced meaningfulness, and younger age groups report the lowest experienced meaning. The unemployed have low life evaluations but experiences of SWB are similar across employment groups. A complete picture of SWB requires a complete set of measures.
主观幸福感（SWB）的衡量指标用于了解人们如何看待和感受自己的生活及经历。但所使用的衡量指标对于关于人们生活状况的结论很重要。本研究使用具有全国代表性的时间使用日记来比较生活评价和体验到的主观幸福感，这推进了先前的研究，因为日记比其他更流行的方法更不容易受到回忆偏差的影响。对2012 - 2013年超过20000名美国居民的分析表明，生活评价与积极和消极情绪的关联比与体验到的意义更紧密。除了消极情绪外，女性的主观幸福感高于男性；除了体验到的意义外，老年群体的主观幸福感高于中年群体；而年轻群体报告的体验到的意义最低。失业者的生活评价较低，但各就业群体的主观幸福感体验相似。主观幸福感的完整图景需要一套完整的衡量指标。
