Laboratory of Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yaroslavskaya str., 13, 129366 Moscow, Russia.
Laboratory of Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yaroslavskaya str., 13, 129366 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 Jan;123:136-142. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.10.001. Epub 2017 Oct 3.
It has been presented that Western cultures (USA, Western Europe) are mostly characterized by competitive forms of social interaction, whereas Eastern cultures (Japan, China, Russia) are mostly characterized by cooperative forms. It has also been stated that thinking in Eastern countries is predominantly holistic and in Western countries analytic. Based on this, we hypothesized that subjects with analytic vs. holistic thinking styles show differences in decision making in different types of social interaction conditions. We investigated behavioural and brain-activity differences between subjects with analytic and holistic thinking during a choice reaction time (ChRT) task, wherein the subjects either cooperated, competed (in pairs), or performed the task without interaction with other participants. Healthy Russian subjects (N=78) were divided into two groups based on having analytic or holistic thinking as determined with an established questionnaire. We measured reaction times as well as event-related brain potentials. There were significant differences between the interaction conditions in task performance between subjects with analytic and holistic thinking. Both behavioral performance and physiological measures exhibited higher variance in holistic than in analytic subjects. Differences in amplitude and P300 latency suggest that decision making was easier for the holistic subjects in the cooperation condition, in contrast to analytic subjects for whom decision making based on these measures seemed to be easier in the competition condition. The P300 amplitude was higher in the individual condition as compared with the collective conditions. Overall, our results support the notion that the brains of analytic and holistic subjects work differently in different types of social interaction conditions.
已经有人提出，西方文化（美国、西欧）主要以竞争形式的社会互动为特征，而东方文化（日本、中国、俄罗斯）则主要以合作形式为特征。也有人指出，东方国家的思维主要是整体的，而西方国家的思维主要是分析的。基于此，我们假设具有分析型和整体型思维方式的受试者在不同类型的社会互动条件下的决策会有所不同。我们研究了具有分析型和整体型思维方式的受试者在选择反应时间（ChRT）任务中的行为和大脑活动差异，在该任务中，受试者要么合作，要么竞争（成对），要么在没有与其他参与者互动的情况下完成任务。健康的俄罗斯受试者（N=78）根据既定问卷确定具有分析或整体思维后分为两组。我们测量了反应时间和事件相关的脑电位。具有分析和整体思维的受试者在不同的互动条件下，任务表现存在显著差异。整体受试者的行为表现和生理测量的差异大于分析受试者。幅度和 P300 潜伏期的差异表明，对于整体受试者来说，在合作条件下做出决策更容易，而对于分析受试者来说，根据这些措施做出决策似乎在竞争条件下更容易。与集体条件相比，个体条件下的 P300 幅度更高。总的来说，我们的结果支持这样一种观点，即分析型和整体型受试者的大脑在不同类型的社会互动条件下的工作方式不同。
