1 Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.
2 Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;63(8):752-762. doi: 10.1177/0020764017733765. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are common in the general population and increase the risk of psychotic disorders. Adolescents are a high-risk group of this condition. Stressful events, such as bullying, have a role in the onset of PLEs. This study has several aims: (1) to assess PLEs in adolescents seeking help from a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, (2) to assess the association of PLEs with specific bullying victimization and (3) to assess difference in PLEs and victimizations by sex and age.
Participants were help-seeking (HS) adolescents initially screened for PLEs. They completed an assessment including characteristics of PLEs and bullying victimization. We paid particular attention to different kinds of PLEs and victimization.
In total, 50 PLE-positive adolescents screened from 324 HS adolescents (15.4%) constituted the sample. Paranoia and verbal bullying were the PLEs and form of victimization most represented, respectively. Verbal bullying was strongly associated with paranoia (odds ratio (OR): 4.40, confidence interval (CI): 2.8-5.9, p < .001). Results remained significant after controlling for confounder (socio-demographic, anxiety, depression and for the latter analysis also other forms of victimization). Furthermore, social manipulation showed a strong association of paranoia and physical bullying with grandiosity. Verbal bullying was also associated with psychotic negative symptoms, but controlling for emotional symptoms and other victimization led to a reduction in the effect. Men were more involved in physical victimization and experienced grandiosity; on the contrary, late adolescents were most involved in social victimization and negative psychotic symptoms Conclusion: PLEs are relevant in HS adolescents. Bullying victimization interacts with the onset of these phenomena. In particular, verbal bullying predicted paranoia onset significantly.
类精神病体验（PLEs）在普通人群中很常见，会增加精神病的风险。青少年是这种疾病的高风险群体。应激性事件，如欺凌，在 PLEs 的发病中起作用。本研究有几个目的：（1）评估在儿童和青少年心理健康服务中寻求帮助的青少年的 PLEs；（2）评估 PLEs 与特定的欺凌受害之间的关联；（3）评估性别和年龄对 PLEs 和受害的影响。
参与者是最初筛查出 PLEs 的求助（HS）青少年。他们完成了一项评估，包括 PLEs 和欺凌受害的特征。我们特别关注不同类型的 PLEs 和受害。
共从 324 名 HS 青少年中筛选出 50 名 PLE 阳性青少年作为样本。妄想和言语欺凌分别是最常见的 PLEs 和受害形式。言语欺凌与妄想有很强的关联性（比值比（OR）：4.40，置信区间（CI）：2.8-5.9，p < 0.001）。在控制了混杂因素（社会人口统计学、焦虑、抑郁，在后一个分析中还包括其他形式的受害）后，结果仍然显著。此外，社会操纵与妄想和身体欺凌与夸大妄想有很强的关联。言语欺凌也与精神病阴性症状有关，但控制情绪症状和其他受害后，影响会降低。男性更多地参与身体受害，经历夸大妄想；相反，青少年后期更多地参与社会受害和阴性精神病症状。结论：PLEs 在 HS 青少年中很重要。欺凌受害与这些现象的发生有关。特别是，言语欺凌显著预测了妄想的发生。
