Poizat A, Bonnet-Beaugrand F, Rault A, Fourichon C, Bareille N
BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, 44307, Nantes, France.
BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, 44307, Nantes, France.
Prev Vet Med. 2017 Oct 1;146:61-72. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.016. Epub 2017 Jul 25.
Mastitis is a bacterial disease common in dairy farms. Although knowledge about mastitis and its optimal technical management and treatment is now available, some dairy farmers still use antibiotics in inappropriate ways. Antibiotic use by farmers can be influenced by personal restraints and motivations, but it can be assumed that external drivers are also influential. The main purpose of this article is thus to analyse the choices of antibiotic and alternative medicine use for mastitis treatment and investigate the possible influence of two unexplored external drivers in dairy farms: (i) the health advice offered to farmers by farm advisors and veterinarians, (ii) the dairy farming system, as defined by combining the market valuation chosen for the milk, the level of intensification, and the perceived pressure related to investments. Research was based on 51 individual semi-structured interviews with farmers and their corresponding veterinarians and farm advisors. Based on verbatim, the use of antibiotics and alternative medicine by farmers for mastitis treatment, the vet-farmers interactions, and the dairy farming systems are described. The advisory relationships between farmers and farm advisors and between farmers and veterinarians influenced the implementation of selective dry cow therapy, but had very little effect on the use of alternative medicines by farmers, who were more willing to experiment alternative medicines than their advisors. The dairy farming system had very little influence on antibiotic use: some misuse of antibiotics was found whatever the farming system. Systematic dry cow therapy was also a widespread habit in all dairy farming systems except organic. The use of alternative medicine was common in all farming systems.
乳腺炎是奶牛场常见的细菌性疾病。尽管目前已有关于乳腺炎及其最佳技术管理和治疗的知识，但一些奶农仍以不当方式使用抗生素。奶农使用抗生素可能受个人限制和动机的影响，但可以认为外部驱动因素也有影响力。因此，本文的主要目的是分析乳腺炎治疗中抗生素和替代药物使用的选择，并调查奶牛场中两个未被探索的外部驱动因素可能产生的影响：（i）农场顾问和兽医向奶农提供的健康建议；（ii）奶牛养殖系统，其定义为结合对牛奶选择的市场估值、集约化程度以及与投资相关的感知压力。研究基于对奶农及其相应兽医和农场顾问进行的51次个人半结构化访谈。根据逐字记录，描述了奶农用于乳腺炎治疗的抗生素和替代药物的使用情况、兽医与奶农的互动以及奶牛养殖系统。奶农与农场顾问以及奶农与兽医之间的咨询关系影响了选择性干奶牛疗法的实施，但对奶农使用替代药物的影响很小，奶农比他们的顾问更愿意尝试替代药物。奶牛养殖系统对抗生素使用的影响很小：无论养殖系统如何，都发现了一些抗生素滥用情况。除有机养殖系统外，系统性干奶牛疗法在所有奶牛养殖系统中也是一种普遍的做法。替代药物的使用在所有养殖系统中都很常见。
