Ruiz-Díaz María Stephany, Mora-García Gustavo José, Salguedo-Madrid Germán Israel, Alario Ángelo, Gómez-Camargo Doris Esther
Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigación UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Nov;97(5):1378-1392. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0305. Epub 2017 Oct 10.
Water-related diseases are closely linked with drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, socioeconomic status, education level, or dwelling's conditions. Developing countries exhibit a particular vulnerability to these diseases, especially rural areas and urban slums. This study assessed socioeconomic features, WASH indicators, and water-related diseases in two rural areas of the Colombian Caribbean coast. Most of this population did not finish basic education (72.3%, = 159). Only one of the communities had a water supply (aqueduct), whereas the other received water via an adapted tanker ship. No respondents reported sewage services; 92.7% ( = 204) had garbage service. Reported cases of diarrhea were associated with low education levels ( = 2.37 × 10) and an unimproved drinking water supply ( = 0.035). At least one fever episode was reported in 20% ( = 44) of dwellings, but the cases were not related to any indicator. The House index (percentage of houses that tested positive for larvae and/or pupae) was 69%, the container index (percentage of water-holding containers positive for larvae or pupae) 29.4%, and the Breteau index (number of positive containers per 100 houses in a specific location) was three positive containers per 100 inspected houses. The presence of positive containers was associated with the absence of a drinking water supply ( = 0.04). The community with poorer health indicators showed greater health vulnerability conditions for acquisition of water-related diseases. In summary, water supply and educational level were the main factors associated with the presence of water-related diseases in both communities.
与水相关的疾病与饮用水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）指标、社会经济地位、教育水平或居住条件密切相关。发展中国家，尤其是农村地区和城市贫民窟，对这些疾病表现出特别的易感性。本研究评估了哥伦比亚加勒比海岸两个农村地区的社会经济特征、WASH指标和与水相关的疾病。该人群中的大多数没有完成基础教育（72.3%，n = 159）。只有一个社区有供水（自来水管网），而另一个社区通过改装的油轮取水。没有受访者报告有污水处理服务；92.7%（n = 204）有垃圾处理服务。报告的腹泻病例与低教育水平（n = 2.37×10）和未改善的饮用水供应（n = 0.035）有关。20%（n = 44）的住所报告至少有一次发热发作，但这些病例与任何指标均无关。房屋指数（检测到伊蚊幼虫和/或蛹呈阳性的房屋百分比）为69%，容器指数（盛水容器中伊蚊幼虫或蛹呈阳性的百分比）为29.4%，布雷托指数（特定地点每100所房屋中阳性容器的数量）为每100所 inspected房屋中有三个阳性容器。阳性容器的存在与没有饮用水供应有关（n = 0.04）。健康指标较差的社区在感染与水相关疾病方面表现出更大的健康脆弱性状况。总之，供水和教育水平是两个社区中与存在与水相关疾病相关的主要因素。
