Sheridan Heather, Reingold Eyal M
Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2017 Sep 28;8:1620. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01620. eCollection 2017.
In the field of medical image perception, the holistic processing perspective contends that experts can rapidly extract global information about the image, which can be used to guide their subsequent search of the image (Swensson, 1980; Nodine and Kundel, 1987; Kundel et al., 2007). In this review, we discuss the empirical evidence supporting three different predictions that can be derived from the holistic processing perspective: Expertise in medical image perception is domain-specific, experts use parafoveal and/or peripheral vision to process large regions of the image in parallel, and experts benefit from a rapid initial glimpse of an image. In addition, we discuss a pivotal recent study (Litchfield and Donovan, 2016) that seems to contradict the assumption that experts benefit from a rapid initial glimpse of the image. To reconcile this finding with the existing literature, we suggest that global processing may serve multiple functions that extend beyond the initial glimpse of the image. Finally, we discuss future research directions, and we highlight the connections between the holistic processing account and similar theoretical perspectives and findings from other domains of visual expertise.
在医学图像感知领域，整体加工观点认为，专家能够迅速提取有关图像的全局信息，这些信息可用于指导他们随后对图像的搜索（斯文森，1980年；诺丁和昆德尔，1987年；昆德尔等人，2007年）。在本综述中，我们讨论支持可从整体加工观点得出的三种不同预测的实证证据：医学图像感知方面的专业知识是特定领域的，专家使用副中央凹和/或周边视觉并行处理图像的大片区域，以及专家从对图像的快速初次瞥视中受益。此外，我们讨论了一项关键的近期研究（利奇菲尔德和多诺万，2016年），该研究似乎与专家从对图像的快速初次瞥视中受益这一假设相矛盾。为了使这一发现与现有文献相协调，我们认为全局加工可能具有多种功能，这些功能超出了对图像的初次瞥视。最后，我们讨论未来的研究方向，并强调整体加工解释与其他视觉专业领域的类似理论观点和发现之间的联系。
