Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
KBRWyle, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 16;18(10):2153. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102153.
Spaceflight entails exposure to numerous environmental challenges with the potential to contribute to both musculoskeletal and vascular dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to describe current understanding of microgravity and radiation impacts on the mammalian skeleton and associated vasculature at the level of the whole organism. Recent experiments from spaceflight and ground-based models have provided fresh insights into how these environmental stresses influence mechanisms that are related to redox signaling, oxidative stress, and tissue dysfunction. Emerging mechanistic knowledge on cellular defenses to radiation and other environmental stressors, including microgravity, are useful for both screening and developing interventions against spaceflight-induced deficits in bone and vascular function.
航天飞行需要暴露于许多环境挑战中，这些挑战有可能导致肌肉骨骼和血管功能障碍。本综述的目的是描述微重力和辐射对整个生物体水平的哺乳动物骨骼和相关血管的影响的现有认识。来自航天飞行和地面模型的最新实验提供了新的见解，了解这些环境压力如何影响与氧化还原信号、氧化应激和组织功能障碍相关的机制。关于细胞对辐射和其他环境应激源（包括微重力）的防御的新兴机制知识，对于筛选和开发针对航天飞行引起的骨骼和血管功能障碍的干预措施都很有用。
