a Department of Clinical Development and Regulatory , International Vaccine Institute , Seoul , Republic of Korea.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018 Feb 1;14(2):304-313. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1389362. Epub 2017 Nov 29.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging pathogen with the potential to pose a threat to global public health. Sporadic cases and outbreaks continue to be reported in the Middle East, and case fatality rates remain high at approximately 36% globally. No specific preventive or therapeutic countermeasures currently exist. A safe and effective vaccine could play an important role in protecting against the threat from MERS-CoV. This review discusses human vaccine candidates currently under development, and explores viral characteristics, molecular epidemiology and immunology relevant to MERS-CoV vaccine development. At present, a DNA vaccine candidate has begun a human clinical trial, while two vector-based candidates will very soon begin human trials. Protein-based vaccines are still at pre-clinical stage. Challenges to successful development include incomplete understanding of viral transmission, pathogenesis and immune response (in particular at the mucosal level), no optimal animal challenge models, lack of standardized immunological assays, and insufficient sustainable funding.
中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）是一种具有潜在威胁全球公共卫生的新兴病原体。中东地区仍持续零星报告病例和暴发疫情，全球病死率仍高达约 36%。目前尚无特定的预防或治疗对策。安全有效的疫苗可能在防范 MERS-CoV 威胁方面发挥重要作用。本综述讨论了目前正在开发的人类疫苗候选物，并探讨了与 MERS-CoV 疫苗开发相关的病毒特征、分子流行病学和免疫学。目前，一种 DNA 疫苗候选物已开始人体临床试验，而两种基于载体的候选物很快将开始人体试验。基于蛋白的疫苗仍处于临床前阶段。成功开发面临的挑战包括对病毒传播、发病机制和免疫反应（特别是黏膜水平）了解不完整，没有最佳的动物挑战模型，缺乏标准化的免疫测定，以及可持续资金不足。
