Mann Rupinder, Perisetti Abhilash, Gajendran Mahesh, Gandhi Zainab, Umapathy Chandraprakash, Goyal Hemant
Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, CA, United States.
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Nov 13;7:581521. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.581521. eCollection 2020.
Human coronavirus infections have been known to cause mild respiratory illness. It changed in the last two decades as three global outbreaks by coronaviruses led to significant mortality and morbidity. SARS CoV-1 led to the first epidemic of the twenty first century due to coronavirus. SARS COV-1 infection had a broad array of symptoms with respiratory and gastrointestinal as most frequent. The last known case was reported in 2004. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) led to the second outbreak in 2012, and case fatality was much higher than SARS. MERS-CoV has a wide array of clinical presentations from mild, moderate to severe, and some patients end up with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The third and recent outbreak by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December 2019, which lead to a global pandemic. Patients with SARS-CoV2 infection can be asymptomatic or have a range of symptoms with fever, cough, and shortness of breath being most common. Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a diagnostic test of choice for SARS CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS CoV-2 infections. This review aims to discuss epidemiological, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of human coronaviruses with a focus on SARS CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS CoV-2.
已知人类冠状病毒感染会引起轻度呼吸道疾病。在过去二十年中，情况发生了变化，因为冠状病毒引发的三次全球疫情导致了重大的死亡率和发病率。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型（SARS-CoV-1）引发了21世纪的首次冠状病毒疫情。SARS-CoV-1感染有一系列广泛的症状，其中呼吸道和胃肠道症状最为常见。最后一例已知病例于2004年报告。中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）在2012年引发了第二次疫情，病死率远高于SARS。MERS-CoV有从轻度、中度到重度的广泛临床表现，一些患者最终会发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。第三次也是最近一次由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引发的疫情于2019年12月开始，导致了全球大流行。SARS-CoV-2感染患者可能无症状，或有一系列症状，最常见的是发热、咳嗽和呼吸急促。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）是SARS-CoV-1、MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2感染的首选诊断检测方法。本综述旨在讨论人类冠状病毒的流行病学、临床特征、诊断和管理，重点关注SARS-CoV-1、MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2。
