Wilson Stephen M
Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.
Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2017;32(7):891-899. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2016.1248984. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Lesion-symptom mapping studies aim to make inferences about the functional neuroanatomy of spoken language understanding by investigating relationships between damage to different brain regions and the various speech perception and comprehension deficits that result. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and studies focused on specific cortical regions of interest or fiber pathways have all yielded insights regarding the localization of different components of spoken language processing. Major challenges include the fact that brain damage rarely impacts just a single brain region or just a single processing component, and that neuroplasticity and recovery can complicate the interpretation of lesion-deficit correlations. Future studies involving large patient cohorts derived from multi-center projects, and multivariate approaches to quantifying patterns of brain damage and patterns of linguistic deficits, will continue to yield new insights into the neural basis of spoken language understanding.
病灶-症状映射研究旨在通过调查不同脑区损伤与由此产生的各种言语感知和理解缺陷之间的关系，对口语理解的功能性神经解剖学进行推断。基于体素的病灶-症状映射（VLSM）、基于体素的形态测量学（VBM）以及专注于特定感兴趣皮质区域或纤维束的研究，都已就口语处理不同成分的定位提供了见解。主要挑战包括：脑损伤很少仅影响单个脑区或单个处理成分，以及神经可塑性和恢复会使病灶-缺陷相关性的解释变得复杂。未来涉及来自多中心项目的大型患者队列的研究，以及量化脑损伤模式和语言缺陷模式的多变量方法，将继续为口语理解的神经基础带来新的见解。
