Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Anal Chim Acta. 2017 Nov 1;992:1-23. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.017. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Although exogenous contamination and unreliable reference values have limited the utility of scalp hair as a biomarker of chemical elements exposure, its use in toxicological, clinical, environmental and forensic investigations is growing and becoming more extensive. Therefore, hair elemental analysis is reviewed in the current manuscript which spans articles published in the last 10 years. It starts with a general discussion of history, morphology and possible techniques for elemental analysis, where inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is clearly highlighted since this technique is leading quantitative ultra-trace elemental analysis. Emphasis over sampling, quality assurance, washing procedures and sample decomposition is given with detailed protocols compiled in tables as well as the utility of hair to identify human gender, age, diseases, healthy conditions, nutrition status and contamination sites. Isotope ratio information, chemical speciation analysis and analyte preconcentration are also considered for hair. Finally, the potential of laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) to provide spatial resolution and time-track the monitoring of elements in hair strands instead of conventional bulk analysis is spotlighted as a real future trend in the field.
尽管外源性污染和不可靠的参考值限制了头皮头发作为化学元素暴露生物标志物的应用，但它在毒理学、临床、环境和法医学研究中的应用正在不断增加并变得更加广泛。因此，本文综述了过去 10 年发表的文章中关于头发元素分析的研究。本文首先对头发的历史、形态和可能的元素分析技术进行了一般性讨论，其中电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）被明确强调，因为该技术是领先的定量超痕量元素分析方法。本文重点介绍了采样、质量保证、洗涤程序和样品分解，详细的方案以表格形式呈现，此外还介绍了头发在鉴定人类性别、年龄、疾病、健康状况、营养状况和污染部位方面的应用。同位素比信息、化学形态分析和分析物预浓缩也被认为是头发分析的一种方法。最后，本文还强调了激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）作为一种真正的未来趋势，能够提供空间分辨率并实时跟踪监测头发中的元素，而不是传统的整体分析。
