Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 24;7(1):13920. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13108-6.
To establish the point prevalence of hallucinations in borderline personality disorder (BPD), telephone interviews were conducted with 324 outpatients diagnosed with BPD. Then a subgroup (n = 98) was interviewed in person to investigate the co-occurrence of these phenomena with other psychotic symptoms, comorbid psychiatric disorders, prior childhood adversities, and adult life stressors. For hallucinations in general a point prevalence of 43% was found, with rates for hallucinations in separate sensory modalities ranging from 8-21%. Auditory verbal hallucinations consisted mostly of verbal abuse and were generally experienced as distressing. A significant association was found between the severity of hallucinations on the one hand, and delusions and unusual thought content on the other; this association was absent for negative symptoms and disorganization. The presence of hallucinations also correlated with the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, and with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) specifically. Childhood emotional abuse and adult life stressors were also associated with hallucinations. The latter three associations suggest that patients with BPD might have an etiological mechanism in common with other patient/nonpatient groups who experience hallucinations. Based on these findings, we advise to treat PTSD and hallucinations when found to be present in patients with BPD.
为了确定边缘型人格障碍（BPD）患者幻觉的时点患病率，对 324 名 BPD 门诊患者进行了电话访谈。然后对其中一个亚组（n=98）进行了面对面访谈，以调查这些现象与其他精神病症状、合并精神障碍、童年期逆境和成年期生活应激源的共现情况。总的来说，幻觉的时点患病率为 43%，不同感觉模态的幻觉发生率为 8-21%。听觉言语幻觉主要由言语辱骂组成，通常被体验为痛苦。幻觉的严重程度与妄想和异常思维内容之间存在显著关联；而与阴性症状和紊乱无关联。幻觉的存在也与合并的精神障碍数量以及创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）相关。童年期情绪虐待和成年期生活应激源也与幻觉相关。后三个关联表明，BPD 患者可能与其他经历幻觉的患者/非患者群体具有共同的病因机制。基于这些发现，我们建议在 BPD 患者中出现 PTSD 和幻觉时进行治疗。
