Vu John P, Luong Leon, Parsons William F, Oh Suwan, Sanford Daniel, Gabalski Arielle, Lighton John Rb, Pisegna Joseph R, Germano Patrizia M
CURE-Digestive Diseases Research Center, Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Health Care System and Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and.
J Nutr. 2017 Dec;147(12):2243-2251. doi: 10.3945/jn.117.257873. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
High-protein diets (HPDs) recently have been used to obtain body weight and fat mass loss and expand muscle mass. Several studies have documented that HPDs reduce appetite and food intake. Our goal was to determine the long-term effects of an HPD on body weight, energy intake and expenditure, and metabolic hormones. Male C57BL/6 mice (8 wk old) were fed either an HPD (60% of energy as protein) or a control diet (CD; 20% of energy as protein) for 12 wk. Body composition and food intakes were determined, and plasma hormone concentrations were measured in mice after being fed and after overnight feed deprivation at several time points. HPD mice had significantly lower body weight (in means ± SEMs; 25.73 ± 1.49 compared with 32.5 ± 1.31 g; = 0.003) and fat mass (9.55% ± 1.24% compared with 15.78% ± 2.07%; = 0.05) during the first 6 wk compared with CD mice, and higher lean mass throughout the study starting at week 2 (85.45% ± 2.25% compared with 75.29% ± 1.90%; = 0.0001). Energy intake, total energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient were significantly lower in HPD compared with CD mice as shown by cumulative energy intake and eating rate. Water vapor was significantly higher in HPD mice during both dark and light phases. In HPD mice, concentrations of leptin [feed-deprived: 41.31 ± 11.60 compared with 3041 ± 683 pg/mL ( = 0.0004); postprandial: 112.5 ± 102.0 compared with 8273 ± 1415 pg/mL ( < 0.0001)] and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) [feed-deprived: 5.664 ± 1.44 compared with 21.31 ± 1.26 pg/mL ( = <0.0001); postprandial: 6.54 ± 2.13 compared with 50.62 ± 11.93 pg/mL ( = 0.0037)] were significantly lower, whereas postprandial glucagon concentrations were higher than in CD-fed mice. In male mice, the 12-wk HPD resulted in short-term body weight and fat mass loss, but throughout the study preserved body lean mass and significantly reduced energy intake and expenditure as well as leptin and GLP-1 concentrations while elevating postprandial glucagon concentrations. This study suggests that long-term use of HPDs may be an effective strategy to decrease energy intake and expenditure and to maintain body lean mass.
高蛋白饮食（HPDs）近来被用于减轻体重和体脂，并增加肌肉量。多项研究已证明，高蛋白饮食可降低食欲和食物摄入量。我们的目标是确定高蛋白饮食对体重、能量摄入与消耗以及代谢激素的长期影响。将8周龄的雄性C57BL/6小鼠分为两组，分别给予高蛋白饮食（蛋白质提供60%的能量）或对照饮食（CD；蛋白质提供20%的能量），持续12周。在几个时间点对小鼠进行喂食和过夜禁食后，测定其身体组成和食物摄入量，并测量血浆激素浓度。与对照饮食组小鼠相比，高蛋白饮食组小鼠在最初6周时体重显著更低（平均值±标准误；分别为25.73±1.49克和32.5±1.31克；P = 0.003），体脂也更低（分别为9.55%±1.24%和15.78%±2.07%；P = 0.05），并且从第2周开始在整个研究过程中瘦肉量更高（分别为85.45%±2.25%和75.29%±1.90%；P = 0.0001）。如累积能量摄入和进食速率所示，高蛋白饮食组小鼠的能量摄入、总能量消耗和呼吸商显著低于对照饮食组小鼠。高蛋白饮食组小鼠在黑暗和光照阶段的水汽含量均显著更高。在高蛋白饮食组小鼠中，瘦素浓度[禁食后：41.31±11.60与3041±683 pg/mL相比（P = 0.0004）；餐后：112.5±102.0与8273±1415 pg/mL相比（P < 0.0001）]和胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP - 1）浓度[禁食后：5.664±1.44与21.31±1.26 pg/mL相比（P = <0.0001）；餐后：6.54±2.13与50.62±11.93 pg/mL相比（P = 0.0037）]显著更低，而餐后胰高血糖素浓度高于对照饮食喂养的小鼠。在雄性小鼠中，12周的高蛋白饮食导致短期内体重和体脂减轻，但在整个研究过程中保持了身体瘦肉量，并显著降低了能量摄入与消耗以及瘦素和GLP - 1浓度，同时提高了餐后胰高血糖素浓度。这项研究表明，长期使用高蛋白饮食可能是一种减少能量摄入与消耗以及维持身体瘦肉量的有效策略。
