Rodríguez Iyubanit, Herskovic Valeria, Gerea Carmen, Fuentes Carolina, Rossel Pedro O, Marques Maíra, Campos Mauricio
Department of Computer Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
J Med Internet Res. 2017 Oct 27;19(10):e364. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7279.
Monitoring of patients may decrease treatment costs and improve quality of care. Pain is the most common health problem that people seek help for in hospitals. Therefore, monitoring patients with pain may have significant impact in improving treatment. Several studies have studied factors affecting pain; however, no previous study has reviewed the contextual information that a monitoring system may capture to characterize a patient's situation.
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to (1) determine what types of technologies have been used to monitor adults with pain, and (2) construct a model of the context information that may be used to implement apps and devices aimed at monitoring adults with pain.
A literature search (2005-2015) was conducted in electronic databases pertaining to medical and computer science literature (PubMed, Science Direct, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore) using a defined search string. Article selection was done through a process of removing duplicates, analyzing title and abstract, and then reviewing the full text of the article.
In the final analysis, 87 articles were included and 53 of them (61%) used technologies to collect contextual information. A total of 49 types of context information were found and a five-dimension (activity, identity, wellness, environment, physiological) model of context information to monitor adults with pain was proposed, expanding on a previous model. Most technological interfaces for pain monitoring were wearable, possibly because they can be used in more realistic contexts. Few studies focused on older adults, creating a relevant avenue of research on how to create devices for users that may have impaired cognitive skills or low digital literacy.
The design of monitoring devices and interfaces for adults with pain must deal with the challenge of selecting relevant contextual information to understand the user's situation, and not overburdening or inconveniencing users with information requests. A model of contextual information may be used by researchers to choose possible contextual information that may be monitored during studies on adults with pain.
对患者进行监测可能会降低治疗成本并提高护理质量。疼痛是人们在医院寻求帮助的最常见健康问题。因此，对疼痛患者进行监测可能对改善治疗有重大影响。多项研究探讨了影响疼痛的因素；然而，此前尚无研究回顾监测系统可能收集到的用于描述患者情况的背景信息。
本研究的目的是进行一项系统综述，以（1）确定已用于监测成年疼痛患者的技术类型，以及（2）构建一个背景信息模型，该模型可用于实现旨在监测成年疼痛患者的应用程序和设备。
使用定义好的搜索词在与医学和计算机科学文献相关的电子数据库（PubMed、ScienceDirect、ACM数字图书馆和IEEE Xplore）中进行文献检索（2005 - 2015年）。通过去除重复项、分析标题和摘要，然后审查文章全文的过程来进行文章筛选。
最终分析纳入了87篇文章，其中53篇（61%）使用技术收集背景信息。共发现49种背景信息类型，并提出了一个用于监测成年疼痛患者的五维度（活动、身份、健康、环境、生理）背景信息模型，对先前的模型进行了扩展。大多数疼痛监测技术接口是可穿戴的，这可能是因为它们可在更实际的环境中使用。很少有研究关注老年人，这为如何为认知技能受损或数字素养较低的用户开发设备创造了一个相关的研究方向。
针对成年疼痛患者的监测设备和接口设计必须应对选择相关背景信息以了解用户情况的挑战，同时避免因信息请求给用户带来过重负担或不便。研究人员可使用背景信息模型来选择在成年疼痛患者研究期间可能监测的潜在背景信息。
