Centre for Biosciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
Centre for Biotechnology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
Invest New Drugs. 2018 Feb;36(1):136-143. doi: 10.1007/s10637-017-0526-0. Epub 2017 Oct 28.
Cancer is a multifactorial disease, causing behavioral and metabolic alterations, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation with collateral weakening of immune system. Crucial balance between cell proliferation and cell death determines the fate of a cell, which might progress towards survival or apoptosis. Apoptosis is a complex, programmed, and highly regulated process causing dramatic morphological and biochemical perturbations in the cellular machinery. Ganoderma lucidum is a basidiomycetes, polypore mushroom known for its pharmacological properties in cancer. The major bioconstituents in G. lucidum are terpenoids, polysaccharides, and proteins that target cancer-signaling factors like plasma membrane receptors proteins and adapter molecules. Of all constituents, the major terpenoid, i.e. Ganoderic acid is reported to interact with membrane receptors mainly, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs). Ganoderic acid interacts and modulates the signaling network in IR, IGFR-1, IGFR-2, VEGFR-1, VEFGR-2, and EGFR in cancer signaling pathways. It primarily targets NF-κB, RAS-MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and cell cycle resulting in apoptosis. This review highlights the role of ganoderic acid in apoptosis and modulations of various signaling proteins in cancer.
癌症是一种多因素疾病，会导致行为和代谢改变，导致免疫系统失控的细胞增殖。细胞增殖和细胞死亡之间的关键平衡决定了细胞的命运，可能会朝着存活或细胞凋亡的方向发展。细胞凋亡是一种复杂、程序化和高度调控的过程，会导致细胞机制发生明显的形态和生化改变。灵芝是一种担子菌、多孔菌蘑菇，以其在癌症方面的药理学特性而闻名。灵芝的主要生物成分是萜类化合物、多糖和蛋白质，它们靶向癌症信号因子，如质膜受体蛋白和衔接分子。在所有成分中，主要的萜类化合物，即灵芝酸，据报道主要与膜受体，即受体酪氨酸激酶 (RTKs) 相互作用。灵芝酸与癌症信号通路中的胰岛素受体 (IR)、胰岛素样生长因子-1 受体 (IGFR-1)、胰岛素样生长因子-2 受体 (IGFR-2)、血管内皮生长因子受体-1 (VEGFR-1)、血管内皮生长因子受体-2 (VEGFR-2) 和表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 相互作用并调节信号网络。它主要靶向 NF-κB、RAS-MAPK、PI3K/Akt/mTOR 和细胞周期，导致细胞凋亡。这篇综述强调了灵芝酸在细胞凋亡中的作用以及对癌症中各种信号蛋白的调节作用。
