Othman Zahiruddin, Zakaria Rahimah, Hussain Nik Hazlina Nik, Hassan Asma', Shafin Nazlahshaniza, Al-Rahbi Badriya, Ahmad Asma Hayati
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.
Med Sci (Basel). 2015 Apr 9;3(2):3-15. doi: 10.3390/medsci3020003.
The composition and physicochemical properties of honey are variable depending on its floral source and often named according to the geographical location. The potential medicinal benefits of Tualang honey, a multifloral jungle honey found in Malaysia, have recently been attracting attention because of its reported beneficial effects in various diseases. This paper reviews the effects of honey, particularly Tualang honey, on learning and memory. Information regarding the effects of Tualang honey on learning and memory in human as well as animal models is gleaned to hypothesize its underlying mechanisms. These studies show that Tualang honey improves morphology of memory-related brain areas, reduces brain oxidative stress, increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations, and reduces acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain homogenates. Its anti-inflammatory roles in reducing inflammatory trigger and microglial activation have yet to be investigated. It is hypothesized that the improvement in learning and memory following Tualang honey supplementation is due to the significant improvement in brain morphology and enhancement of brain cholinergic system secondary to reduction in brain oxidative damage and/or upregulation of BDNF concentration. Further studies are imperative to elucidate the molecular mechanism of actions.
蜂蜜的成分和理化性质因其花源而异，且常根据地理位置命名。土琅蜂蜜是一种产自马来西亚的多花型丛林蜂蜜，其潜在的药用价值近来因在多种疾病中显示出有益效果而备受关注。本文综述了蜂蜜，尤其是土琅蜂蜜，对学习和记忆的影响。我们收集了关于土琅蜂蜜对人类及动物模型学习和记忆影响的信息，以推测其潜在机制。这些研究表明，土琅蜂蜜可改善与记忆相关脑区的形态，减轻脑氧化应激，提高脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）和乙酰胆碱（ACh）浓度，并降低脑匀浆中的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）。其在减轻炎症触发和小胶质细胞激活方面的抗炎作用尚未得到研究。据推测，补充土琅蜂蜜后学习和记忆能力的改善，是由于脑形态的显著改善以及脑胆碱能系统的增强，这继发于脑氧化损伤的减轻和/或BDNF浓度的上调。进一步的研究对于阐明其作用的分子机制至关重要。
