Ramos Sonia, Martín María Angeles, Goya Luis
Department of Metabolism and Nutrition. Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC). José Antonio Novais 10. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2017 Oct 31;6(4):84. doi: 10.3390/antiox6040084.
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes and one of the most common chronic diseases. Control of hyperglycaemia by hypoglycaemic drugs is insufficient in for patients and nutritional approaches are currently being explored. Natural dietary compounds such as flavonoids, abundant in fruits and vegetables, have received broad attention because of their potential capacity to act as anti-diabetic agents. Especially cocoa flavonoids have been proved to ameliorate important hallmarks of T2D. In this review, an update of the most relevant reports published during the last decade in cell culture, animal models and human studies is presented. Most results support an anti-diabetic effect of cocoa flavonoids by enhancing insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, exerting a lipid-lowering effect and preventing the oxidative and inflammatory damages associated to the disease. While it could be suggested that daily consumption of flavanols from cocoa or dark chocolate would constitute a potential preventive tool useful for the nutritional management of T2D, this recommendation should be cautious since most of commercially available soluble cocoa products or chocolates contain low amount of flavanols and are rich in sugar and calories that may aggravate glycaemic control in T2D patients.
2型糖尿病（T2D）是最常见的糖尿病类型，也是最常见的慢性病之一。对于患者而言，使用降糖药物控制高血糖并不充分，目前正在探索营养治疗方法。天然膳食化合物，如水果和蔬菜中富含的黄酮类化合物，因其具有作为抗糖尿病药物的潜在能力而受到广泛关注。特别是可可黄酮已被证明可改善T2D的重要特征。在本综述中，介绍了过去十年在细胞培养、动物模型和人体研究中发表的最相关报告的最新情况。大多数结果支持可可黄酮的抗糖尿病作用，其作用机制包括增强胰岛素分泌、提高外周组织的胰岛素敏感性、发挥降脂作用以及预防与该疾病相关的氧化和炎症损伤。虽然有人可能会建议，每天食用来自可可或黑巧克力的黄烷醇可构成一种潜在的预防工具，有助于T2D的营养管理，但这一建议应谨慎，因为大多数市售的可溶性可可产品或巧克力含有的黄烷醇量低，且富含糖和热量，这可能会加重T2D患者的血糖控制。
