Dankel Scott J, Mattocks Kevin T, Mouser J Grant, Buckner Samuel L, Jessee Matthew B, Loenneke Jeremy P
a Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory , The University of Mississippi , University , MS , USA.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jul;36(13):1485-1491. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1398884. Epub 2017 Nov 1.
A number of reviews have concluded that resistance training is beneficial for improving sports performance despite the inclusion of studies which do not actually measure a performance outcome (i.e. a timed trial). The purpose of this review was to examine only those studies which would allow us to infer the benefits of resistance training on improving time trial performance. Of the nine studies meeting all inclusion criteria only three demonstrated an additive effect of adding resistance training to the current activity-specific training being performed. These three studies demonstrated improvements in either 5 or 10 km time trial among recreationally skilled athletes (i.e. non-elite level time). Previous reviews have included studies which did not include: (1) performance outcomes; (2) control groups; and/or (3) equal volumes of activity-specific exercise among the resistance training and control groups. Presently, there is little evidence that adding resistance exercise to a sport-specific training program will augment time trial performance. While it is difficult to perform such long-term studies assessing the effects of resistance training among time trial athletes, the statement that resistance training is efficacious for improving time trial performance should be tempered until sufficient evidence is presented to support such claims.
一些综述得出结论，尽管纳入了一些实际上并未测量运动表现结果（即计时赛）的研究，但抗阻训练对于提高运动成绩是有益的。本综述的目的是仅考察那些能让我们推断抗阻训练对提高计时赛成绩的益处的研究。在符合所有纳入标准的9项研究中，只有3项表明在当前进行的特定活动训练中增加抗阻训练具有累加效应。这3项研究表明，在具有一定运动技能的休闲运动员（即非精英水平）中，5公里或10公里计时赛成绩有所提高。以往的综述纳入了一些未包含以下内容的研究：（1）运动表现结果；（2）对照组；和/或（3）抗阻训练组和对照组之间等量的特定活动练习。目前，几乎没有证据表明在特定运动训练计划中增加抗阻运动会提高计时赛成绩。虽然很难对计时赛运动员进行评估抗阻训练效果的长期研究，但在有足够证据支持此类说法之前，关于抗阻训练对提高计时赛成绩有效的说法应有所保留。
