Keiner Michael, Sander Andre, Wirth Klaus, Schmidtbleicher Dietmar
1Institute of Sport Science, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; and 2German Luge and Bobsled Federation, and Institute of Sport Science, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Jan;28(1):223-31. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318295644b.
The requirement profiles for sports such as soccer, football, tennis, and rugby demonstrate the importance of strength and speed-strength abilities, in addition to other conditional characteristics. During a game, the athletes complete a large number of strength and speed-strength actions. In addition to the linear sprints, athletes perform sprints while changing the direction (change-of-direction sprint [COD]). Therefore, this study aims to clarify the extent to which there is a strength training intervention effect on COD. Further, this investigation analyzes the possible correlations between the 1-Repetition Maximum/body mass (SREL) in the front and back squats and COD. The subjects (n = 112) were at pretest between 13 and 18 years of age and were divided into 2 groups with 4 subgroups (A = under 19 years of age, B = under 17 years of age, and C = under 15 years of age). For approximately 2 years, 1 group (control group [CG]) only participated in routine soccer training, and the other group (strength training group [STG]) participated in an additional strength training program with the routine soccer training. Additionally, the performances in the COD of 34 professional soccer players of the first and second divisions in Germany were measured as a standard of high-level COD. For the analysis of the performance development within a group and pairwise comparisons between 2 groups, an analysis of variance with repeated measures was calculated with the factors group and time. Relationships between the COD and SREL were calculated for the normal distributed data using a plurality of bivariate correlations by Pearson. Our data show that additional strength training over a period of 2 years significantly affects the performance in the COD. The STG in all subcohorts reached significantly (p < 0.05) faster times in the COD than did the CG. The STG amounted up to 5% to nearly 10% better improvements in the 10-m sprint times compared with that of the CG. Furthermore, our data show significant (p < 0.05) moderate to high correlations (r = -0.388 to -0.697) between the SREL and COD. Our data show that a long-term strength training improves the performance of the COD. Therefore, a long-term resistance training is recommended as early as in childhood and adolescence.
足球、橄榄球、网球和英式橄榄球等运动的要求概况表明，除了其他条件特征外，力量和速度力量能力也很重要。在一场比赛中，运动员要完成大量的力量和速度力量动作。除了直线冲刺，运动员还要在改变方向的同时进行冲刺（变向冲刺[COD]）。因此，本研究旨在阐明力量训练干预对COD的影响程度。此外，本调查分析了前蹲和后蹲的1次最大重复量/体重（SREL）与COD之间可能存在的相关性。受试者（n = 112）在预测试时年龄在13至18岁之间，分为2组，每组4个亚组（A = 19岁以下，B = 17岁以下，C = 15岁以下）。在大约2年的时间里，1组（对照组[CG]）只参加常规足球训练，另一组（力量训练组[STG]）在常规足球训练的基础上参加额外的力量训练计划。此外，测量了德国第一和第二级别联赛的34名职业足球运动员的COD表现，作为高水平COD的标准。为了分析组内的表现发展以及两组之间的成对比较，计算了带有重复测量的方差分析，因素包括组和时间。对于正态分布的数据，使用Pearson的多个双变量相关性计算COD与SREL之间的关系。我们的数据表明，为期2年的额外力量训练对COD表现有显著影响。所有亚组中的STG在COD方面的成绩明显（p < 0.05）比CG更快。与CG相比，STG在10米冲刺时间上的改善高达5%至近10%。此外，我们的数据表明SREL与COD之间存在显著（p < 0.05）的中度至高度相关性（r = -0.388至-0.697）。我们的数据表明，长期力量训练可提高COD的表现。因此，建议早在儿童期和青少年期就进行长期抗阻训练。
