Cui Dixin, Li Hongyu, Xu Xin, Ye Ling, Zhou Xuedong, Zheng Liwei, Zhou Yachuan
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Stem Cells Int. 2017;2017:5979741. doi: 10.1155/2017/5979741. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a degenerative disease, characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, synovitis, and chronic pain. Due to the limited self-healing capacity in condylar cartilage, traditional clinical treatments have limited symptom-modifying and structure-modifying effects to restore impaired cartilage as well as other TMJ tissues. In recent years, stem cell-based therapy has raised much attention as an alternative approach towards tissue repair and regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from the bone marrow, synovium, and even umbilical cord, play a role as seed cells for the cartilage regeneration of TMJ OA. MSCs possess multilineage differentiation potential, including chondrogenic differentiation as well as osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the trophic modulations of MSCs exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects under aberrant conditions. Furthermore, MSCs combined with appropriate scaffolds can form cartilaginous or even osseous compartments to repair damaged tissue and impaired function of TMJ. In this review, we will briefly discuss the pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration in TMJ OA and emphasize the potential sources of MSCs and novel approaches for the cartilage regeneration of TMJ OA, particularly focusing on the MSC-based therapy and tissue engineering.
颞下颌关节骨关节炎（TMJ OA）是一种退行性疾病，其特征为软骨进行性退变、软骨下骨重塑、滑膜炎和慢性疼痛。由于髁突软骨的自我修复能力有限，传统临床治疗在改善症状和改变结构以恢复受损软骨及其他颞下颌关节组织方面效果有限。近年来，基于干细胞的疗法作为一种组织修复和再生的替代方法受到了广泛关注。来源于骨髓、滑膜甚至脐带的间充质干细胞（MSCs），在颞下颌关节骨关节炎的软骨再生中作为种子细胞发挥作用。间充质干细胞具有多向分化潜能，包括向软骨细胞分化和成骨细胞分化。此外，间充质干细胞的营养调节在异常条件下发挥抗炎和免疫调节作用。此外，间充质干细胞与合适的支架结合可形成软骨甚至骨组织，以修复颞下颌关节受损的组织和功能。在这篇综述中，我们将简要讨论颞下颌关节骨关节炎软骨退变的发病机制，并强调间充质干细胞的潜在来源以及颞下颌关节骨关节炎软骨再生的新方法，尤其关注基于间充质干细胞的疗法和组织工程。
