Nyokabi Simon, Birner Regina, Bett Bernard, Isuyi Linda, Grace Delia, Güttler Denise, Lindahl Johanna
Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Mar;50(3):509-518. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1460-z. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Zoonotic diseases, transmitted from animals to humans, are a public health challenge in developing countries. Livestock value chain actors have an important role to play as the first line of defence in safeguarding public health. However, although the livelihood and economic impacts of zoonoses are widely known, adoption of biosecurity measures aimed at preventing zoonoses is low, particularly among actors in informal livestock value chains in low and middle-income countries. The main objective of this study was to investigate knowledge of zoonoses and adoption of biosecurity measures by livestock and milk value chain actors in Bura, Tana River County, in Kenya, where cattle, camels, sheep and goats are the main livestock kept. The study utilised a mixed methods approach, with a questionnaire survey administered to 154 value chain actors. Additional information was elicited through key informant interviews and participatory methods with relevant stakeholders outside the value chain. Our results found low levels of knowledge of zoonoses and low levels of adherence to food safety standards, with only 37% of milk traders knowing about brucellosis, in spite of a sero-prevalence of 9% in the small ruminants tested in this study, and no slaughterhouse worker knew about Q fever. Actors had little formal education (between 0 and 10%) and lacked training in food safety and biosecurity measures. Adoption of biosecurity measures by value chain actors was very low or non-existent, with only 11% of butchers wearing gloves. There was a gendered dimension, evidenced by markedly different participation in value chains and lower adoption rates and knowledge levels among female actors. Finally, cultural and religious practices were shown to play an important role in exposure and transmission of diseases, influencing perceptions and attitudes to risks and adoption of biosecurity measures.
人畜共患病是指从动物传播给人类的疾病，这在发展中国家是一项公共卫生挑战。畜牧价值链参与者作为保障公众健康的第一道防线，发挥着重要作用。然而，尽管人畜共患病对生计和经济的影响广为人知，但旨在预防人畜共患病的生物安全措施的采用率却很低，尤其是在低收入和中等收入国家的非正规畜牧价值链参与者中。本研究的主要目的是调查肯尼亚塔纳河县布拉地区畜牧和牛奶价值链参与者对人畜共患病的了解情况以及生物安全措施的采用情况，该地区主要饲养牛、骆驼、绵羊和山羊。本研究采用了混合方法，对154名价值链参与者进行了问卷调查。通过与价值链外的相关利益攸关方进行关键信息访谈和参与式方法，获取了更多信息。我们的研究结果发现，对人畜共患病的了解程度较低，对食品安全标准的遵守程度也较低，尽管在本研究中检测的小反刍动物血清流行率为9%，但只有37%的牛奶贸易商知道布鲁氏菌病，而且没有屠宰场工人知道Q热。参与者几乎没有接受过正规教育（0%至10%），也缺乏食品安全和生物安全措施方面的培训。价值链参与者对生物安全措施的采用率非常低或根本不存在，只有11%的屠夫戴手套。存在性别差异，表现为女性参与者在价值链中的参与程度明显不同，采用率和知识水平较低。最后，文化和宗教习俗在疾病的暴露和传播中起着重要作用，影响着对风险的认知和态度以及生物安全措施的采用。
