Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Animal and Human Health Group, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 7;17(4):e0266449. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266449. eCollection 2022.
Globally, biosecurity is instrumental in prevention, control and management of livestock diseases and protection of human health. It is defined, prescribed, adopted and enforced through global, regional and national frameworks, laws, policies and strategies. There is more biosecurity practice research conducted in developed countries than developing ones. Consequently, the gap between the ideals recommended in biosecurity frameworks and what is practical in under-resourced rural settings is poorly understood. This anthropological study sought to assess adoption of biosecurity practices across a cattle, sheep and goat value chains continuum to demonstrate where risks lie. The cross-sectional mixed-methods study took place in Baringo County, Kenya. Qualitatively, it utilized 26 focus group discussions with community members and 10 observational interviews with slaughter facility workers. Quantitatively, it included a household survey with 560 community members and a separate survey with 231 livestock traders. Results show that producers, traders and slaughter facility workers did observe some biosecurity practices but not others due but not limited to personal preference, limitations in veterinary service delivery and enforcement of some biosecurity measures, and lack of requisite infrastructure. The study concludes that the implementation of biosecurity measures in rural settings is more complex than envisioned in biosecurity policies and frameworks. It can be hampered by resource limitations, poor enforcement, and contestations with cultural practices. The study recommends that further studies on willingness to adopt biosecurity measures targeting community members in under-resourced settings be conducted to identify possible critical points of intervention at county and national levels.
全球范围内，生物安保在预防、控制和管理牲畜疾病以及保护人类健康方面发挥着重要作用。它通过全球、区域和国家框架、法律、政策和战略来定义、规定、采用和执行。发达国家比发展中国家进行了更多的生物安保实践研究。因此，生物安保框架中推荐的理想做法与资源匮乏的农村地区实际情况之间的差距理解得很差。这项人类学研究旨在评估在牛、绵羊和山羊价值链连续体上采用生物安保实践的情况，以展示风险所在。这项横断面混合方法研究在肯尼亚巴林戈县进行。定性部分利用了 26 次社区成员焦点小组讨论和 10 次屠宰场工人观察访谈。定量部分包括对 560 名社区成员进行的家庭调查和对 231 名牲畜交易商进行的单独调查。结果表明，生产者、交易商和屠宰场工人确实观察到了一些生物安保做法，但也有一些做法没有被观察到，这主要是由于个人偏好、兽医服务提供的限制以及一些生物安保措施的执行和缺乏必要的基础设施。该研究得出结论，在农村地区实施生物安保措施比生物安保政策和框架所设想的要复杂得多。它可能会受到资源限制、执行不力以及与文化习俗的冲突的阻碍。该研究建议，应进一步开展针对资源匮乏环境中的社区成员的生物安保措施的采用意愿研究，以确定在县和国家各级进行干预的可能关键点。
