Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II , via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino , Viale Trieste 296, 61121 Pesaro, Italy.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Dec 5;51(23):13920-13928. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03827. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
Fifty-five strains of Ostreopsis were collected in the Mediterranean Sea and analyzed to characterize their toxin profiles. All the strains were grown in culture under the same experimental conditions and identified by molecular PCR assay based on the ITS-5.8S rDNA. A liquid chromatography-high resolution multiple stage mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) approach was used to analyze toxin profiles and to structurally characterize the detected toxins. Despite morphological and molecular characterization being consistent within the species O. cf. ovata, a certain degree of toxin variability was observed. All the strains produced ovatoxins (OVTXs), with the exception of only one strain. Toxin profiles were quite different from both qualitative and quantitative standpoints: 67% of the strains contained OVTX-a to -e, OVTX-g, and isobaric PLTX, in 25% of them only OVTX-a, -d, -e and isobaric PLTX were present, while 4% produced only OVTX-b and -c. None of the strains showed a previously identified profile, featuring OVTX-f as dominant toxin, whereas OVTX-f was a minor component of very few strains. Toxin content was mostly in the range 4-70 pg/cell with higher levels (up to 238 pg/cell) being found in strains from the Ligurian and South Adriatic Sea. Structural insights into OVTX-b, -c, -d, and -e were gained, and the new OVTX-l was detected in 36 strains.
采集了地中海的 55 株 Ostreopsis 菌株，并对其进行分析以确定其毒素特征。所有菌株均在相同的实验条件下进行培养，并通过基于 ITS-5.8S rDNA 的分子 PCR 分析进行鉴定。采用液相色谱-高分辨多级质谱（LC-HRMS）方法分析毒素特征，并对检测到的毒素进行结构表征。尽管 O. cf. ovata 种的形态学和分子特征一致，但观察到一定程度的毒素变异性。所有菌株均产生 ovatoxins（OVTXs），除了一个菌株外。从定性和定量的角度来看，毒素特征非常不同：67%的菌株含有 OVTX-a 至 -e、OVTX-g 和等毒素 PLTX，其中 25%的菌株仅含有 OVTX-a、-d、-e 和等毒素 PLTX，而 4%的菌株仅产生 OVTX-b 和 -c。没有一株表现出以前确定的特征，即 OVTX-f 作为主要毒素，而 OVTX-f 是少数菌株的次要成分。毒素含量大多在 4-70 pg/细胞之间，其中来自利古里亚和南亚得里亚海的菌株含量较高（高达 238 pg/细胞）。对 OVTX-b、-c、-d 和 -e 的结构进行了深入研究，并在 36 株菌株中检测到了新的 OVTX-l。
