Schectman G, Byrd J C, Gruchow H W
Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.
Am J Public Health. 1989 Feb;79(2):158-62. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.2.158.
To further define the relation between smoking and vitamin C status, the dietary and serum vitamin C levels of 11,592 respondents in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) were analyzed. Smokers of 20 cigarettes daily had the lowest vitamin C dietary intake (79 mg, 95% CI:73, 84) and serum levels (0.82 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.86; 46.6 mumol/L, 95% CI: 43.7, 48.8), while smokers of 1-19 cigarettes daily had decreased vitamin C intake (97 mg; 95% CI: 90, 104 mg) and serum levels (0.97 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.92, 1.03; 55.1 mumol/L, 95% CI: 52.2, 58.5) compared to respondents who had never smoked (109 mg, 95% CI: 105, 113 and 1.15 mg/dl, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.18; 65.3 mumol/L, 95% CI: 63.0, 67.0, respectively). This inverse association between both intake and serum levels of vitamin C and smoking was independent of age, sex, body weight, race, and alcoholic beverage consumption. Following further adjustment for dietary vitamin C intake, the negative correlation between cigarette smoking and serum vitamin C levels persisted. The risk of severe hypovitaminosis C (serum levels less than or equal to 0.2 mg/dl; 11.4 mumol/L) was increased in smokers, particularly when not accompanied by vitamin supplementation (odds ratio 3.0, 95% CI: 2.5, 3.6). These data suggest that even though smoking adversely affects preferences for vitamin C rich foods, the inverse association between smoking and serum vitamin C levels occurs independently of dietary intake.
为了进一步明确吸烟与维生素C状态之间的关系，对第二次全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES II）中11592名受访者的饮食和血清维生素C水平进行了分析。每天吸20支烟的吸烟者维生素C饮食摄入量最低（79毫克，95%置信区间：73，84），血清水平也最低（0.82毫克/分升，95%置信区间：0.77，0.86；46.6微摩尔/升，95%置信区间：43.7，48.8），而每天吸1 - 19支烟的吸烟者与从不吸烟的受访者相比（分别为109毫克，95%置信区间：105，113和1.15毫克/分升，95%置信区间：1.11，1.18；65.3微摩尔/升，95%置信区间：63.0，67.0），维生素C摄入量（97毫克；95%置信区间：90，104毫克）和血清水平（0.97毫克/分升，95%置信区间：0.92，1.03；55.1微摩尔/升，95%置信区间：52.2，58.5）有所降低。维生素C的摄入量和血清水平与吸烟之间的这种负相关关系独立于年龄、性别、体重、种族和酒精饮料消费。在对饮食中维生素C摄入量进行进一步调整后，吸烟与血清维生素C水平之间的负相关关系依然存在。吸烟者发生严重维生素C缺乏症（血清水平小于或等于0.2毫克/分升；11.4微摩尔/升）的风险增加，尤其是在没有补充维生素的情况下（比值比3.0，95%置信区间：2.5，3.6）。这些数据表明，尽管吸烟会对富含维生素C的食物的偏好产生不利影响，但吸烟与血清维生素C水平之间的负相关关系独立于饮食摄入量。
