成人吸烟与血清及膳食抗氧化剂水平的关联：1988 - 1994年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES III）
Association of smoking with serum and dietary levels of antioxidants in adults: NHANES III, 1988-1994.
作者信息
Wei W, Kim Y, Boudreau N
机构信息
Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, 43404, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2001 Feb;91(2):258-64. doi: 10.2105/ajph.91.2.258.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the association of smoking with serum levels and dietary intakes of antioxidants in a nationally representative sample.
METHODS
This study classified 7873 apparently healthy adults aged 17 to 50 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) data as nonsmokers or as smokers if their serum cotinine levels were either lower than 14 ng/mL or 14 ng/mL or greater, respectively. SUDAAN software was used for the statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Smokers of both sexes had significantly (P < .001) lower serum levels of vitamin C, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin. Reduction in the serum vitamin E, lycopene, and selenium levels in smokers was slight. Smokers also had significantly lower dietary intakes of vitamin C and beta-carotene. A significant (P < .001) inverse relation was found between serum vitamin C and beta-carotene levels and cotinine levels independent of diet effect, and a positive relation (P < .001) was found between serum levels and dietary intakes.
CONCLUSIONS
Antioxidants appear to have differing declines in serum levels as a result of reduced dietary intakes and the effects of smoking.
目的
本研究在一个具有全国代表性的样本中，探讨吸烟与血清抗氧化剂水平及抗氧化剂膳食摄入量之间的关联。
方法
本研究根据美国国家健康与营养检查调查III（NHANES III）的数据，将7873名年龄在17至50岁之间、看似健康的成年人，按照血清可替宁水平分别低于14 ng/mL或14 ng/mL及以上，分为非吸烟者或吸烟者。使用SUDAAN软件进行统计分析。
结果
男女吸烟者的血清维生素C、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质和叶黄素/玉米黄质水平均显著较低（P <.001）。吸烟者血清维生素E、番茄红素和硒水平的降低幅度较小。吸烟者的维生素C和β-胡萝卜素膳食摄入量也显著较低。在不考虑饮食影响的情况下，血清维生素C和β-胡萝卜素水平与可替宁水平之间存在显著的（P <.001）负相关，血清水平与膳食摄入量之间存在正相关（P <.001）。
结论
由于膳食摄入量减少和吸烟的影响，抗氧化剂的血清水平似乎有不同程度的下降。
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