Yang Tung-Han, Gilroy Kyle D, Xia Younan
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , USA . Email:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , 30013 , Taiwan.
Chem Sci. 2017 Oct 1;8(10):6730-6749. doi: 10.1039/c7sc02833d. Epub 2017 Aug 16.
Despite the incredible developments made to the synthesis of colloidal metal nanocrystals, it is still challenging to produce them in a reproducible and predictable manner. This drawback can be attributed to the fact that the protocols continue to be built upon qualitative observations and empirical laws. Because of the vast number of intricately entangled experimental parameters in a synthesis, it is almost impossible to predict and control the outcome by knowingly alternating these parameters. In this article, we discuss the recent efforts in pushing nanocrystal synthesis towards a deterministic process based upon quantitative measurements. In particular, we focus on how the reduction rate of a salt precursor can be used as a quantitative knob for predicting and controlling the outcomes of both nucleation and growth. We begin with a brief introduction to the techniques that have been used to extract the kinetic information of a synthesis and then discuss how the reduction rate is correlated with the defect structure, shape/morphology, and elemental distribution of the resultant nanocrystals. We conclude by highlighting some of the recent advances related to probing of nanocrystal synthesis, with an emphasis on the real-time, quantitative aspects with regard to both nucleation and growth.
尽管在胶体金属纳米晶体的合成方面取得了令人难以置信的进展，但以可重复和可预测的方式生产它们仍然具有挑战性。这一缺点可归因于这样一个事实，即合成方案仍然基于定性观察和经验规律。由于合成过程中存在大量错综复杂、相互纠缠的实验参数，几乎不可能通过有意识地改变这些参数来预测和控制结果。在本文中，我们讨论了最近为将纳米晶体合成推向基于定量测量的确定性过程所做的努力。特别是，我们关注盐前驱体的还原速率如何用作预测和控制成核与生长结果的定量旋钮。我们首先简要介绍用于提取合成动力学信息的技术，然后讨论还原速率与所得纳米晶体的缺陷结构、形状/形态和元素分布之间的相关性。我们通过强调与纳米晶体合成探测相关的一些最新进展来结束本文，重点是成核和生长方面的实时、定量内容。
