1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne, Germany .
2 Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne , Cologne, Germany .
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2017 Dec;15(10):481-493. doi: 10.1089/met.2017.0120. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
Cognitive decline has been shown to be associated with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review analyzes the present literature to ascertain the role of regular physical activity (PA) for the functioning of the diabetic brain.
PubMed was systematically searched for relevant publications up to July 2017.
Four cross-sectional, one longitudinal observational, and nine interventional studies with a total of ∼7000 T2DM subjects are included in this review. Some significant positive relationships between the PA level of T2DM patients and their performance in several cognitive tests are reported in the cross-sectional studies. The longitudinal observational study implies a higher risk for developing dementia/mild cognitive impairment in T2DM patients with low PA behavior. Some significantly improved cognitive test results are reported for T2DM patients following physical training (PT) in six interventional studies. The quality of most of the training studies is low due to small sample sizes and/or missing control groups.
PT may potentially contribute to improving the cognitive performance in T2DM patients. Additional high-quality studies with standardized cognitive assessments are needed to further determine the dose-effect relationships between PA and cognitive performance in T2DM patients.
认知能力下降与长期 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）有关。本综述分析了目前的文献，以确定规律的身体活动（PA）对糖尿病大脑功能的作用。
系统地检索了 PubMed 截至 2017 年 7 月的相关文献。
本综述纳入了 4 项横断面研究、1 项纵向观察性研究和 9 项干预性研究，共纳入约 7000 例 T2DM 患者。横断面研究报道了 T2DM 患者的 PA 水平与其多项认知测试表现之间存在一些显著的正相关关系。纵向观察性研究表明，PA 行为较低的 T2DM 患者发生痴呆/轻度认知障碍的风险更高。6 项干预性研究报道，T2DM 患者进行体育锻炼（PT）后，认知测试结果有显著改善。由于样本量小和/或缺乏对照组，大多数训练研究的质量较低。
PT 可能有助于改善 T2DM 患者的认知表现。需要更多高质量的研究，使用标准化的认知评估，以进一步确定 T2DM 患者 PA 和认知表现之间的剂量-效应关系。
