Swiss Paraplegic Research, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland.
Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2023 May 31;15(11):2578. doi: 10.3390/nu15112578.
Optimizing nutritional intake and timing helps athletes to improve performance and long-term health. Different training phases can require varying nutritional needs. In this study, we conducted a descriptive assessment of dietary intake, energy availability (EA), and blood biochemical parameters in elite wheelchair athletes during distinct training phases. Data analyzed in this study were collected as part of a randomized controlled crossover trial exploring the feasibility of probiotics and prebiotic supplementation. Data were obtained from consecutive three-day diaries and blood samples, both collected at four different time points across four consecutive months. We included 14 athletes (mean (standard deviation) age 34 (9) years, eight females, and six males) active in different wheelchair sports. The mean daily nutritional intake (g/kg body mass) for females and males was 2.7 (0.9) and 4.0 (0.7) for carbohydrates, 1.1 (0.3) and 1.5 (0.3) for protein, and 0.8 (0.3) and 1.4 (0.2) for fat. EA did not change across the four time points in either female ( = 0.30) or male ( = 0.05) athletes. The mean EA was lower in female athletes compared to male athletes ( = 0.03). Low EA (≤30 kcal/ kg fat-free mass/day) was observed in female (58 (29) % of days) and male (34 (23) % of days) athletes. Iron deficiency with anemia was observed in two female athletes. Mean vitamin D levels were insufficient (<75 nmol/L). Macronutrient intake, EA, and blood biochemical parameters were suboptimal in this cohort of elite wheelchair athletes, especially in female athletes.
优化营养摄入和时间安排有助于运动员提高表现和长期健康。不同的训练阶段可能需要不同的营养需求。在这项研究中，我们对不同训练阶段的精英轮椅运动员的饮食摄入、能量可用性 (EA) 和血液生化参数进行了描述性评估。本研究分析的数据是作为一项探索益生菌和益生元补充剂可行性的随机对照交叉试验的一部分收集的。数据来自连续三天的日记和血液样本，均在四个连续月的四个不同时间点采集。我们纳入了 14 名活跃于不同轮椅运动的运动员（平均（标准差）年龄 34（9）岁，8 名女性，6 名男性）。女性和男性的平均每日营养摄入量（g/kg 体重）分别为 2.7（0.9）和 4.0（0.7）碳水化合物、1.1（0.3）和 1.5（0.3）蛋白质以及 0.8（0.3）和 1.4（0.2）脂肪。女性（ = 0.30）或男性（ = 0.05）运动员在四个时间点的 EA 均未发生变化。与男性运动员相比，女性运动员的 EA 较低（ = 0.03）。女性运动员（58（29）%的天数）和男性运动员（34（23）%的天数）出现低 EA（≤30 kcal/kg 去脂体重/天）。两名女性运动员出现缺铁性贫血。平均维生素 D 水平不足（<75 nmol/L）。在这支精英轮椅运动员队列中，宏量营养素摄入、EA 和血液生化参数均不理想，尤其是女性运动员。
