Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Nov 23;14(12):1438. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14121438.
Applying enzymatic biocatalysts based on hexahistidine-containing organophosphorus hydrolase (His₆-OPH) is suggested for the decomposition of chlorpyrifos, which is actively used in agriculture in many countries. The application conditions were optimized and the following techniques was suggested to ensure the highest efficiency of the enzyme: first, the soil is alkalinized with hydrated calcitic lime Ca(OH)₂, then the enzyme is introduced into the soil at a concentration of 1000 U/kg soil. Non-equilibrium low temperature plasma (NELTP)-modified zeolite is used for immobilization of the relatively inexpensive polyelectrolyte complexes containing the enzyme His₆-OPH and a polyanionic polymer: poly-l-glutamic acid (PLE) or poly-l-aspartic acid (PLD). The soil's humidity is then increased up to 60-80%, the top layer (10-30 cm) of soil is thoroughly stirred, and then exposed for 48-72 h. The suggested approach ensures 100% destruction of the pesticide within 72 h in soils containing as much as 100 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos. It was concluded that using this type of His₆-OPH-based enzyme chemical can be the best approach for soils with relatively low humus concentrations, such as sandy and loam-sandy chestnut soils, as well as types of soil with increased alkalinity (pH 8.0-8.4). Such soils are often encountered in desert, desert-steppe, foothills, and subtropical regions where chlorpyrifos is actively used.
应用基于含六组氨酸有机磷水解酶（His₆-OPH）的酶生物催化剂被建议用于分解氯吡磷，氯吡磷在许多国家的农业中被广泛使用。优化了应用条件，并提出了以下技术以确保酶的最高效率：首先，用水化碳酸钙 Ca(OH)₂使土壤碱化，然后将酶以 1000 U/kg 土壤的浓度引入土壤。非平衡低温等离子体（NELTP）改性沸石用于固定相对廉价的含有酶 His₆-OPH 和聚阴离子聚合物的聚电解质复合物：聚-l-谷氨酸（PLE）或聚-l-天冬氨酸（PLD）。然后将土壤的湿度提高到 60-80%，彻底搅拌土壤的表层（10-30 厘米），然后暴露 48-72 小时。该方法可确保在含有多达 100 mg/kg 氯吡磷的土壤中，在 72 小时内 100%破坏农药。结论是，在相对低腐殖质浓度的土壤中，如沙质和壤土-沙质栗钙土，以及碱度增加的土壤类型（pH 8.0-8.4）中，使用这种基于 His₆-OPH 的酶化学物质可能是最好的方法。在经常使用氯吡磷的沙漠、荒漠草原、山麓和亚热带地区，经常会遇到这种土壤。
