Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Parsons Corporation, Chicago, IL, 60606, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jan 1;205:163-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.070. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
Regulations for pesticides in soil are important for controlling human health risk; humans can be exposed to pesticides by ingesting soil, inhaling soil dust, and through dermal contact. Previous studies focused on analyses of numerical standard values for pesticides and evaluated the same pesticide using different standards among different jurisdictions. To understand the health consequences associated with pesticide soil standard values, lifetime theoretical maximum contribution and risk characterization factors were used in this study to quantify the severity of damage using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) under the maximum "legal" exposure to persistent organic pollutant (POP) pesticides that are commonly regulated by the Stockholm Convention. Results show that computed soil characterization factors for some pesticides present lognormal distributions, and some of them have DALY values higher than 1000.0 per million population (e.g., the DALY for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT] is 14,065 in the Netherlands, which exceeds the tolerable risk of uncertainty upper bound of 1380.0 DALYs). Health risk characterization factors computed from national jurisdictions illustrate that values can vary over eight orders of magnitude. Further, the computed characterization factors can vary over four orders of magnitude within the same national jurisdiction. These data indicate that there is little agreement regarding pesticide soil regulatory guidance values (RGVs) among worldwide national jurisdictions or even RGV standard values within the same jurisdiction. Among these POP pesticides, lindane has the lowest median (0.16 DALYs) and geometric mean (0.28 DALYs) risk characterization factors, indicating that worldwide national jurisdictions provide relatively conservative soil RGVs for lindane. In addition, we found that some European nations and members of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics share the same pesticide RGVs and data clusters for the computed characterization factors.
土壤农药法规对于控制人类健康风险非常重要；人类可以通过摄入土壤、吸入土壤灰尘以及皮肤接触来接触农药。以前的研究主要集中在分析农药的数值标准值上，并使用不同司法管辖区的不同标准来评估同一农药。为了了解与农药土壤标准值相关的健康后果，本研究使用终生理论最大贡献和风险特征因子来量化使用持久性有机污染物（POP）农药最大“法定”暴露下残疾调整生命年（DALY）的损害严重程度，这些农药通常受《斯德哥尔摩公约》管制。结果表明，一些农药的计算土壤特征因子呈对数正态分布，其中一些的 DALY 值高于 1000.0/百万人口（例如，荷兰的滴滴涕（DDT）的 DALY 值为 14065，超过了 1380.0 DALY 的可容忍不确定性上限风险）。来自国家司法管辖区的健康风险特征因子表明，这些值在八个数量级上有所不同。此外，在同一国家司法管辖区内，计算出的特征因子在四个数量级上也有所不同。这些数据表明，全世界各国司法管辖区之间，甚至同一司法管辖区内的农药土壤监管指导值（RGV）之间几乎没有一致性。在这些 POP 农药中，林丹的中位（0.16 DALY）和几何平均值（0.28 DALY）风险特征因子最低，表明全世界各国司法管辖区为林丹提供了相对保守的土壤 RGV。此外，我们发现一些欧洲国家和前苏联成员国共享相同的农药 RGV 和计算特征因子的数据群。
