Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.
Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland.
Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 23;7(1):16161. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15593-1.
The analysis of Y-chromosome variation has provided valuable clues about the paternal history of domestic animal populations. The main goal of the current work was to characterize Y-chromosome diversity in 31 goat populations from Central Eastern (Switzerland and Romania) and Southern Europe (Spain and Italy) as well as in reference populations from Africa and the Near East. Towards this end, we have genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mapping to the SRY, ZFY, AMELY and DDX3Y Y-linked loci, in 275 bucks from 31 populations. We have observed a low level of variability in the goat Y-chromosome, with just five haplotypes segregating in the whole set of populations. We have also found that Swiss bucks carry exclusively Y1 haplotypes (Y1A: 24%, Y1B1: 15%, Y1B2: 43% and Y1C: 18%), while in Italian and Spanish bucks Y2A is the most abundant haplotype (77%). Interestingly, in Carpathian goats from Romania the Y2A haplotype is also frequent (42%). The high Y-chromosome differentiation between Swiss and Italian/Spanish breeds might be due to the post-domestication spread of two different Near Eastern genetic stocks through the Danubian and Mediterranean corridors. Historical gene flow between Southern European and Northern African goats might have also contributed to generate such pattern of genetic differentiation.
对 Y 染色体变异的分析为家畜群体的父系历史提供了有价值的线索。目前这项工作的主要目标是描述来自中东欧（瑞士和罗马尼亚）和南欧（西班牙和意大利）的 31 个山羊群体以及来自非洲和近东的参考群体的 Y 染色体多样性。为此，我们在 31 个群体的 275 只公山羊中对 7 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行了基因分型，这些 SNP 映射到 SRY、ZFY、AMELY 和 DDX3Y 这些 Y 连锁基因座上。我们发现山羊 Y 染色体的变异性很低，整个群体中只有 5 种单倍型在分离。我们还发现瑞士公山羊仅携带 Y1 单倍型（Y1A：24%，Y1B1：15%，Y1B2：43%和 Y1C：18%），而意大利和西班牙的公山羊中 Y2A 是最丰富的单倍型（77%）。有趣的是，罗马尼亚的喀尔巴阡山羊中 Y2A 单倍型也很常见（42%）。瑞士和意大利/西班牙品种之间的高 Y 染色体分化可能是由于近东的两种不同遗传血统在多瑙河和地中海走廊的驯化后传播所致。南欧和北非山羊之间的历史基因流也可能促成了这种遗传分化模式。
