Zhu Mingjing, Luo Binsheng, La Ben, Chen Ruijie, Liu Fenggui, Long Chunlin
College of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China.
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2021 Mar 23;17(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s13002-021-00448-x.
Salar is a Turkic-speaking Islamic ethnic group in China living mainly in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County (Xunhua or Xunhua County), Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Salar people are skilled in horticulture and their homegarden (HG) management. They are regarded as the first people on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to practice horticulture, especially manage their HGs, traditional farming systems, and supplementary food production systems. Traditional knowledge of Salar people associated with their HGs always contributes significantly to the local livelihood, food security, ornamental value, and biodiversity conservation. The cultivation of different plants in HGs for self-sufficiency has a long tradition in China's rural areas, especially in some mountainous areas. However, Salar traditional HGs have not been described. The present paper aims to report the features of Salar HGs mostly based on agrobiodiversity and its ecosystem services.
The methods used in this work included semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. A total of 60 households in three townships, 9 villages were surveyed. There are 4-12 family members in each household, aged from 20 to 86 years old. The homestead size is between 200 and 1200 m. Plant species cultivated in Salar HGs were identified according to Flora of China. Based on a comprehensive survey of Salar HGs and related to background data, we identified and characterized the most important services and functions provided by Salar HGs.
According to primary production systems, there are 4 different types of Salar HGs, including ornamental focus, product focus, dual-purpose and multi-purpose. In total, 108 (excluding weeds and bonsai) plant species were recorded in Salar HGs, within 43 plant families. The most important and frequently used plants are Rosa chinensis, Armeniaca vulgar, Prunus salicina, and Ziziphus jujuba. About 4 to 32 plant species were recorded in each homegarden. We found that the Salar HGs, as a typical agroecosyste, prossess multiple servcices and functions that directly benefit households according to the field investigation.
This paper reveals the floristic diversity of Salar HGs. It presents useful information in the homegarden agroecosystem of Salar people, such as HG types and species diversity in Salar HGs. Ecosystem functions and services research suggested that the Salar HG agroecosystem provides agroecosystem services mainly related to supply and culture services. Salar HGs are important as food supplement resources, aesthetics symbol, and cultural spaces.
撒拉族是中国一个说突厥语的穆斯林民族，主要居住在青藏高原的循化撒拉族自治县（循化或循化县）。撒拉族人擅长园艺及其家庭菜园（HG）管理。他们被认为是青藏高原上最早从事园艺的民族，尤其是管理他们的家庭菜园、传统耕作系统和辅助食物生产系统。撒拉族与他们的家庭菜园相关的传统知识一直对当地生计、粮食安全、观赏价值和生物多样性保护做出重大贡献。在中国农村地区，尤其是一些山区，为实现自给自足而在家庭菜园中种植不同植物有着悠久的传统。然而，撒拉族传统家庭菜园尚未得到描述。本文旨在主要基于农业生物多样性及其生态系统服务来报告撒拉族家庭菜园的特征。
本研究采用的方法包括半结构化访谈和参与式观察。对三个乡9个村的60户家庭进行了调查。每户有4至12名家庭成员，年龄在20至86岁之间。宅基地面积在200至1200平方米之间。根据《中国植物志》确定撒拉族家庭菜园中种植的植物种类。在对撒拉族家庭菜园进行全面调查并结合背景数据的基础上，我们确定并描述了撒拉族家庭菜园提供的最重要的服务和功能。
根据初级生产系统，撒拉族家庭菜园有4种不同类型，包括观赏型、产品型、两用型和多用型。撒拉族家庭菜园中共记录了108种（不包括杂草和盆景）植物，分属43个植物科。最重要且最常用的植物有月季、杏、李和枣。每个家庭菜园记录的植物种类约为4至32种。通过实地调查我们发现，撒拉族家庭菜园作为一个典型的农业生态系统，具有多种直接造福家庭的服务和功能。
本文揭示了撒拉族家庭菜园的植物多样性。它提供了撒拉族家庭菜园农业生态系统中的有用信息，如撒拉族家庭菜园的类型和物种多样性。生态系统功能和服务研究表明，撒拉族家庭菜园农业生态系统提供的农业生态系统服务主要与供给和文化服务相关。撒拉族家庭菜园作为食物补充资源、美学象征和文化空间具有重要意义。
