Asresahegn Henok, Tadesse Frew, Beyene Ermias
School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.
BMC Res Notes. 2017 Nov 28;10(1):629. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2966-1.
Hypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries including Ethiopia. It is a silent killer and most patients are detected to have it incidentally when they are admitted to hospital for unrelated disease or subjected to pre-employment or preoperative medical checkups. Information on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors is to be considered vital to focus and improve prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. The study population consisted of adults aged 25-65 years who lived in Jigjiga city of eastern Ethiopia for at least 6 months. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using standardized instruments by trained clinical nurses. Hypertension was defined as having Systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or Diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or reported use of regular anti-hypertensive medications prescribed by professionals for raised BP. Data were entered into a computer using Epi Info Version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 16.0 for analysis. Multiple logistic regressions were fitted and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify independently associated factors.
The prevalence of hypertension was 28.3%. Family history of Hypertension [Adjusted OR 5.7; 95% CI (2.9, 10.9)], having high level of income [Adjusted OR 3.1; 95% CI (1.5, 6.3)], being male [Adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI (1.3, 4.3)], being above grade 12 [Adjusted OR 2.2; 95% CI (1.2, 3.9)], and having BMI ≥ 25 [Adjusted OR 2.0; 95% CI (1.1, 3.5)] were significantly associated with hypertension.
Consistent with the literatures, the prevalence of hypertension was high and may show a hidden epidemic in this population. If established with more robust and nationally representative studies, the finding calls for efficient health screening and regular checkups as well as interventions promoting healthy lifestyles. Accordingly, health promotion regarding hypertension should be provided in the population as means of primary prevention.
在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多发展中国家，高血压正成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。它是一个无声的杀手，大多数患者在因无关疾病住院或接受入职前或术前体检时才偶然被发现患有高血压。关于高血压患病率及其相关因素的信息对于关注和改善心血管疾病的预防与控制至关重要。本研究设计为横断面调查。研究人群包括年龄在25 - 65岁、居住在埃塞俄比亚东部吉吉加市至少6个月的成年人。使用经过预测试的结构化问卷收集数据，由经过培训的临床护士使用标准化仪器测量血压。高血压定义为收缩压≥140 mmHg或舒张压≥90 mmHg，或报告正在使用专业人员开具的常规降压药物治疗血压升高。数据使用Epi Info 3.5.1版本录入计算机，并导出到SPSS 16.0版本进行分析。进行多元逻辑回归分析，并计算95%置信区间的比值比，以确定独立相关因素。
高血压患病率为28.3%。高血压家族史[调整后比值比5.7；95%置信区间(2.9, 10.9)]、高收入水平[调整后比值比3.1；95%置信区间(1.5, 6.3)]、男性[调整后比值比2.4；95%置信区间(1.3, 4.3)]、12年级以上学历[调整后比值比2.2；95%置信区间(1.2, 3.9)]以及体重指数≥25[调整后比值比2.0；95%置信区间(1.1, 3.5)]与高血压显著相关。
与文献一致，该人群中高血压患病率较高，可能呈现一种隐性流行态势。如果通过更有力且具有全国代表性的研究得以证实，这一发现呼吁进行有效的健康筛查和定期体检，以及推广健康生活方式的干预措施。因此，应在人群中开展高血压健康促进活动作为一级预防手段。
