Novogrodsky A, Nehring R E, Meister A
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):4932-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.4932.
Transport of L-glutamine and of the chloroketone glutamine analog L-2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoate into lymphoid cells is mediated by the same system. Arginine and a number of other amino acids (e.g., glutamate, aspartate, and lysine) are transported to a much lesser extent by this system. However, after uptake of the chloroketone into the cells, the transport of glutamine, arginine, and other amino acids is markedly inhibited, due evidently to reaction of the chloroketone with intracellular components that are involved in amino acid transport. The chloroketone acts more effectively on growing than on resting cells. Treatment of lymphoid cells with the chloroketone or with L-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene leads to rapid and complete depletion of intracellular glutathione without affecting cell viability. These reagents appear to be useful experimental tools for studies of glutathione function and metabolism.
L-谷氨酰胺和氯酮谷氨酰胺类似物L-2-氨基-4-氧代-5-氯戊酸进入淋巴细胞是由同一系统介导的。精氨酸和许多其他氨基酸（如谷氨酸、天冬氨酸和赖氨酸）通过该系统的转运程度要小得多。然而，氯酮被细胞摄取后，谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和其他氨基酸的转运受到明显抑制，这显然是由于氯酮与参与氨基酸转运的细胞内成分发生了反应。氯酮对生长中的细胞比对静止细胞的作用更有效。用氯酮或L-氯-2,4-二硝基苯处理淋巴细胞会导致细胞内谷胱甘肽迅速且完全耗尽，而不影响细胞活力。这些试剂似乎是研究谷胱甘肽功能和代谢的有用实验工具。
