Sorahan T, Parkes H G, Veys C A, Waterhouse J A, Straughan J K, Nutt A
Department of Social Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
Br J Ind Med. 1989 Jan;46(1):1-10. doi: 10.1136/oem.46.1.1.
The mortality experienced by a cohort of 36,691 rubber workers during 1946-85 has been investigated. These workers were all male operatives first employed in any one of the 13 participating factories in 1946-60; all had worked continuously in the industry for a minimum period of one year. Compared with the general population, statistically significant excesses relating to cancer mortality were found for cancer of the pharynx (E = 20.2, O = 30, SMR = 149), oesophagus (E = 87.6, O = 107, SMR = 122), stomach (E = 316.5, O = 359, SMR = 113), lung (E = 1219.2, O = 1592, SMR = 131), and all neoplasms (E = 2965.6, O = 3344, SMR = 113). Statistically significant deficits were found for cancer of the prostate. (E = 128.2, O = 91, SMR = 71), testis (E = 11.0, O = 4, SMR = 36), and Hodgkin's disease (E = 26.9, O = 16, SMR = 59). Involvement of occupational exposures was assessed by the method of regression models and life tables (RMLT). This method was used to compare the duration of employment in the industry, the duration in "dust exposed" jobs, and the duration in "fume and/or solvent exposed" jobs of those dying from causes of interest with those of all matching survivors. Positive associations (approaching formal levels of statistical significance) were found only for cancers of the stomach and the lung. The results of the RMLT analysis are independent of those from the SMR analysis, and the study continues to provide limited evidence of a causal association between the risks of stomach cancer and dust exposures, and the risks of lung cancer and fume or solvent exposures in the rubber industry during the period under study.
对1946年至1985年间36,691名橡胶工人组成的队列的死亡率进行了调查。这些工人均为男性操作工，于1946年至1960年期间首次受雇于13家参与调查的工厂中的任何一家；所有人在该行业连续工作至少一年。与一般人群相比，发现以下癌症死亡率存在统计学显著的超额情况：咽癌（预期死亡数E = 20.2，观察死亡数O = 30，标准化死亡比SMR = 149）、食管癌（E = 87.6，O = 107，SMR = 122）、胃癌（E = 316.5，O = 359，SMR = 113）、肺癌（E = 1219.2，O = 1592，SMR = 131）以及所有肿瘤（E = 2965.6，O = 3344，SMR = 113）。发现前列腺癌、睾丸癌和霍奇金病的死亡率存在统计学显著的不足。前列腺癌（E = 128.2，O = 91，SMR = 71）、睾丸癌（E = 11.0，O = 4，SMR = 36）、霍奇金病（E = 26.9，O = 16，SMR = 59）。通过回归模型和生命表（RMLT）方法评估职业暴露的影响。该方法用于比较因感兴趣的原因死亡者与所有匹配幸存者在该行业的就业时长、“接触粉尘”工作的时长以及“接触烟雾和/或溶剂”工作的时长。仅在胃癌和肺癌中发现了正相关（接近统计学显著水平）。RMLT分析的结果与SMR分析的结果无关，并且该研究继续提供了有限的证据，表明在所研究期间，橡胶行业中胃癌风险与粉尘暴露以及肺癌风险与烟雾或溶剂暴露之间存在因果关联。
