Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Jul;122:21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.028. Epub 2017 Dec 2.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key signaling role in plant and animal cells. Among the many cellular mechanisms used to generate and transduce ROS signals, ROS-induced ROS release (RIRR) is emerging as an important pathway involved in different human pathologies and plant responses to environmental stress. RIRR is a process in which one cellular compartment or organelle generates or releases ROS, triggering the enhanced production or release of ROS by another compartment or organelle. It was initially described in animal cells and proposed to mediate mitochondria-to-mitochondria communication, but later expanded to include communication between mitochondria and plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases. In plants a process of RIRR was demonstrated to mediate long distance rapid systemic signaling in response to biotic and abiotic stress. This process is thought to involve the enhanced production of ROS by one cell that triggers the enhanced production of ROS by a neighboring cell in a process that propagates the enhanced "ROS production state" all the way from one part of the plant to another. In contrast to the intracellular nature of the RIRR process of animal cells, the plant RIRR process is therefore primarily studied at the cell-to-cell communication level. Studies on intracellular (organelle-to-organelle, or organelle-to-NADPH oxidase) RIRR pathways are very scarce in plants, whereas studies on cell-to-cell RIRR are very scarce in animals. Here we will attempt to highlight what is known in both systems and what each system can learn from the other.
活性氧（ROS）在植物和动物细胞中起着关键的信号作用。在生成和转导 ROS 信号的许多细胞机制中，ROS 诱导的 ROS 释放（RIRR）作为一种涉及多种人类疾病和植物对环境胁迫反应的重要途径而出现。RIRR 是一种细胞区室或细胞器产生或释放 ROS 的过程，触发另一个区室或细胞器增强 ROS 的产生或释放。它最初在动物细胞中被描述，并被提议介导线粒体间通讯，但后来扩展到包括线粒体与质膜定位的 NADPH 氧化酶之间的通讯。在植物中，证明了 RIRR 过程介导了对生物和非生物胁迫的长距离快速全身信号转导。据认为，这一过程涉及一个细胞中 ROS 产量的增强，触发邻近细胞中 ROS 产量的增强，从而使增强的“ROS 产生状态”从植物的一部分传播到另一部分。与动物细胞中 RIRR 过程的细胞内性质相反，植物 RIRR 过程主要在细胞间通讯水平上进行研究。植物中关于细胞内（细胞器间或细胞器与 NADPH 氧化酶间）RIRR 途径的研究非常稀少，而关于细胞间 RIRR 的研究在动物中非常稀少。在这里，我们将尝试强调两个系统中已知的内容，以及每个系统可以从另一个系统中学到的内容。
