The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 Mar;149:101-109. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.019. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
Hydrogen sulfide is a gaseous signaling molecule or gasotransmitter which plays important roles in a wide spectrum of physiologic processes in the brain and peripheral tissues. Unlike nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, the other major gasotransmitters, research on hydrogen sulfide is still in its infancy. One of the modes by which hydrogen sulfide signals is via a posttranslational modification termed sulfhydration/persulfidation, which occurs on reactive cysteine residues on target proteins, where the reactive SH group is converted to an SSH group. Sulfhydration is a substantially prevalent modification, which modulates the structure or function of proteins being modified. Thus, precise control of endogenous hydrogen sulfide production and metabolism is critical for maintenance of optimal cellular function, with excess generation and paucity, both contributing to pathology. Dysregulation of the reverse transsulfuration pathway which generates hydrogen sulfide occurs in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, treatment with donors of hydrogen sulfide or stimulation of the reverse transsulfuration have proved beneficial in several neurodegenerative states. In this review we focus on hydrogen sulfide mediated neuronal signaling processes that contribute to neuroprotection.
硫化氢是一种气态信号分子或气体递质，在大脑和外周组织的广泛生理过程中发挥重要作用。与其他主要的气体递质一氧化氮和一氧化碳不同，硫化氢的研究仍处于起步阶段。硫化氢信号传递的一种方式是通过一种称为巯基化/过硫化的翻译后修饰，该修饰发生在靶蛋白上的反应性半胱氨酸残基上，其中反应性 SH 基团被转化为 SSH 基团。巯基化是一种普遍存在的修饰方式，可调节被修饰蛋白的结构或功能。因此，内源性硫化氢产生和代谢的精确控制对于维持最佳细胞功能至关重要，过量产生和缺乏都会导致病理。几种神经退行性疾病（如帕金森病、亨廷顿病和阿尔茨海默病）中都存在生成硫化氢的反硫化途径失调。因此，用硫化氢供体治疗或刺激反硫化已被证明对几种神经退行性疾病有益。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注硫化氢介导的神经元信号传递过程，这些过程有助于神经保护。
