Cravedi Elena, Deniau Emmanuelle, Giannitelli Marianna, Xavier Jean, Hartmann Andreas, Cohen David
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, 83, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
Pediatric Neurology Unit, Children's Hospital A. Meyer, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2017 Dec 4;11:59. doi: 10.1186/s13034-017-0196-x. eCollection 2017.
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex developmental neuropsychiatric condition in which motor manifestations are often accompanied by comorbid conditions that impact the patient's quality of life. In the DSM-5, TS belongs to the "neurodevelopmental disorders" group, together with other neurodevelopmental conditions, frequently co-occurring. In this study, we searched the PubMed database using a combination of keywords associating TS and all neurodevelopmental diagnoses. From 1009 original reports, we identified 36 studies addressing TS and neurodevelopmental comorbidities. The available evidence suggests the following: (1) neurodevelopmental comorbidities in TS are the rule, rather than the exception; (2) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent; (3) there is a continuum from a simple (TS + ADHD or/and learning disorder) to a more complex phenotype (TS + autism spectrum disorder). We conclude that a prompt diagnosis and a detailed description of TS comorbidities are necessary not only to understand the aetiological basis of neurodevelopmental disorders but also to address specific rehabilitative and therapeutic approaches.
抽动秽语综合征（TS）是一种复杂的发育性神经精神疾病，其运动表现常常伴有影响患者生活质量的共病情况。在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）中，TS与其他经常同时出现的神经发育疾病一同属于“神经发育障碍”类别。在本研究中，我们使用与TS和所有神经发育诊断相关的关键词组合在PubMed数据库中进行检索。从1009篇原始报告中，我们确定了36项涉及TS与神经发育共病的研究。现有证据表明：（1）TS中的神经发育共病是常态，而非例外；（2）注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）最为常见；（3）存在从简单型（TS + ADHD或/和学习障碍）到更复杂型（TS + 自闭症谱系障碍）的连续谱。我们得出结论，对TS共病进行及时诊断和详细描述不仅对于理解神经发育障碍的病因基础至关重要，而且对于采取特定的康复和治疗方法也很有必要。
