Marinho-E-Silva Mariana, Sallum Maria Anice Mureb, Rosa-Freitas Maria Goreti, Lourenço-de-Oliveira Ricardo, Silva-do-Nascimento Teresa Fernandes
Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2018 Feb;113(2):87-95. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760170175.
BACKGROUND Studies on malaria vectors in the Pantanal biome, Central Brazil, were conducted more than half a century ago. OBJECTIVES To update anopheline records and assess receptivity and vulnerability to malaria transmission. METHODS Five-day anopheline collections were conducted bimonthly in Salobra, Mato Grosso do Sul state, for one year. Indoors, mosquitoes were collected from their resting places, while in open fields, they were captured using protected human-baited and horse-baited traps near the house and at the Miranda River margin, respectively. Hourly biting activity outdoors was also assessed. Secondary data were collected on the arrival of tourists, economic projects, and malaria cases. FINDINGS A total of 24,894 anophelines belonging to 13 species were caught. The main Brazilian malaria vector Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species, followed by An. triannulatus s.l. Hourly variation in anopheline biting showed three main peaks occurring at sunset, around midnight, and at sunrise, the first and last being the most prominent. The highest density of all species was recorded near the river margin and during the transition period between the rainy and early dry seasons. This coincides with the time of main influx of outsider workers and tourists, whose activities mostly occur in the open fields and frequently start before sunrise and last until sunset. Some of these individuals originate from neighbouring malaria-endemic countries and states, and are likely responsible for the recorded imported and introduced malaria cases. MAIN CONCLUSION Pantanal is a malaria-prone area in Brazil. Surveillance and anopheline control measures must be applied to avoid malaria re-emergence in the region.
背景 半个多世纪前，巴西中部潘塔纳尔生物群落区的疟疾媒介研究就已开展。
目的 更新按蚊记录，并评估疟疾传播的易感性和脆弱性。
方法 在南马托格罗索州的萨洛布拉，每两个月进行一次为期五天的按蚊采集，持续一年。在室内，从按蚊的栖息处收集蚊子，而在开阔地带，分别在房屋附近和米兰达河岸边使用受保护的人饵诱捕器和马饵诱捕器捕获蚊子。还评估了室外每小时的叮咬活动。收集了有关游客到访、经济项目和疟疾病例的二手数据。
结果 共捕获了属于13个物种的24894只按蚊。巴西主要的疟疾媒介达林按蚊是优势物种，其次是环纹按蚊复合组。按蚊叮咬的每小时变化显示出三个主要高峰，分别出现在日落时、午夜前后和日出时，第一个和最后一个最为突出。所有物种的最高密度记录在河边以及雨季和旱季初期的过渡时期。这与外来务工人员和游客的主要涌入时间相吻合，他们的活动大多发生在开阔地带，通常在日出前开始，一直持续到日落。其中一些人来自邻近的疟疾流行国家和州，很可能是记录在案的输入性和引入性疟疾病例的原因。
主要结论 潘塔纳尔是巴西的一个疟疾高发地区。必须采取监测和按蚊控制措施，以避免该地区疟疾再次出现。
