Calev A, Nigal D, Chazan S
Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Israel.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1989 Feb;28(1):67-73. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1989.tb00813.x.
Eleven depressed, 11 stable bipolar and six manic patients, 20 normals and eight late middle-age normals were tested for speech production using a word-fluency task. Fluency was prompted by either a letter (a relatively automatic task), or a semantic category (an effort-demanding task). The results showed that depressed patients were more impaired in speech production than other patients when prompted by a semantic category than when prompted by a letter. A post hoc matched-tasks check suggested that this finding was not due to differences in discriminating power between the two word-fluency tasks. Manic and stable bipolar patients did not differ in their speech production, although matched on age. The results suggest that depressives perform better on more automatic than on effort-demanding tasks, and that manic and stable bipolar patients do not differ in speech production when experimentally imposed restrictions are present.
对11名抑郁症患者、11名稳定型双相情感障碍患者和6名躁狂症患者、20名正常人和8名中老年正常人进行了一项单词流畅性任务的言语生成测试。流畅性由一个字母（相对自动的任务）或一个语义类别（需要努力的任务）引发。结果表明，当由语义类别引发时，抑郁症患者在言语生成方面比其他患者受损更严重，而由字母引发时则不然。事后的匹配任务检查表明，这一发现并非由于两种单词流畅性任务在辨别能力上的差异。躁狂症患者和稳定型双相情感障碍患者在言语生成方面没有差异，尽管他们年龄匹配。结果表明，抑郁症患者在更自动的任务上比在需要努力的任务上表现更好，并且当存在实验性施加的限制时，躁狂症患者和稳定型双相情感障碍患者在言语生成方面没有差异。
